Calculator Inputs
Use the responsive input grid below. Large screens show three columns, medium screens show two, and phones show one.
Formula Used
1) Feed mass: Mfeed = Vfeed × ρfeed
Feed volume and feed density convert the incoming liquid into total feed mass.
2) Initial solute mass:
Sinitial = Mfeed × Cinitial/100 for wt%
Sinitial = Vfeed × Cinitial/1000 for g/L
3) Recovered solute mass: Srecovered = Sinitial × Recovery/100
This step accounts for solids lost during transfer, fouling, sampling, or side streams.
4) Final state by mode:
Mfinal = Srecovered / (Ctarget/100) for target wt%
Vfinal = Srecovered × 1000 / Ctarget for target g/L
Mfinal = Vfinal × ρfinal for target volume mode
Wevap = Winitial solvent × Removed%/100 for solvent removed mode
5) Final concentration and solvent removal:
Cfinal,wt% = Srecovered / Mfinal × 100
Cfinal,g/L = Srecovered × 1000 / Vfinal
Vevap solvent = Mevap solvent / ρsolvent
Factor = Cfinal,g/L / Cinitial,g/L
How to Use This Calculator
- Enter the feed volume and feed density to define the starting batch mass.
- Select the initial concentration basis, then enter the feed concentration in wt% or g/L.
- Provide solute recovery to account for solids losses during concentration and handling.
- Enter final density and solvent density. These values control final volume and evaporated solvent volume.
- Choose one mode: target final concentration, target final volume, or percent solvent removed.
- Fill only the field required by the selected mode, then press the calculation button.
- Review the result block above the form, then export the calculation summary as CSV or PDF.
Example Data Table
| Case | Mode | Feed Volume (L) | Feed Density (kg/L) | Initial Basis | Initial Conc. | Recovery (%) | Target Input | Final Conc. (wt%) | Final Conc. (g/L) | Final Volume (L) | Evaporated Solvent (kg) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Example 1 | Target final concentration | 1,200 | 1.03 | wt% | 8 | 99 | 22 wt% | 22.000 | 242.000 | 404.509 | 790.051 |
| Example 2 | Target final concentration | 500 | 1.01 | g/L | 120 | 98 | 260 g/L | 24.074 | 260.000 | 226.154 | 259.554 |
| Example 3 | Percent solvent removed | 800 | 1.02 | wt% | 12 | 100 | 55% | 23.256 | 260.465 | 375.943 | 394.944 |
FAQs
1) What does this calculator estimate?
It estimates final concentration after evaporation using mass balance, density, solute recovery, and selected end conditions. It also reports solvent removed, final volume, concentration factor, and retained solids.
2) Which concentration basis should I choose?
Use wt% when concentration is defined by mass fraction. Use g/L when the solute is measured per liquid volume. The calculator converts results into both formats for easier comparison.
3) Why are feed and final density both required?
Feed density converts incoming volume into total mass. Final density converts estimated final mass into final volume. Better density values improve the accuracy of solvent-removal and concentration results.
4) What does solute recovery mean here?
Solute recovery represents the percentage of dissolved or suspended solids retained through the operation. It captures expected losses from hold-up, sampling, side draws, or product transfer.
5) Can this tool handle targets in g/L and wt%?
Yes. The initial concentration can be entered in wt% or g/L, and the target concentration can also use either basis. Results are always reported in both output formats.
6) What assumptions are built into the calculation?
The tool assumes the main solute is nonvolatile, densities are representative of the actual process, and solvent removal occurs without chemical reaction changing total solute mass.
7) Why might the calculator show a warning?
Warnings appear when the selected targets do not look like evaporation, when recovery is low, or when density and target settings create unusual final volumes. They prompt a quick data review.
8) Can I use this for scale-up studies?
Yes, it is useful for lab, pilot, and production screening. For rigorous design, confirm boiling behavior, heat transfer, foaming, entrainment, and density changes with measured process data.