Example data table
These sample rows demonstrate typical inputs and outputs. Use them to verify your workflow before entering your lab measurements.
| Scenario | Inputs | Key output |
|---|---|---|
| Direct | Mass 0.45 g, Volume 0.30 cm³ | Density 1.50 g/cm³ |
| Geometry | Mass 0.12 g, d 20 µm, L 10 m, count 30 | Density 1.27 g/cm³ (approx.) |
| Bulk | Mass 10 g, Bulk volume 50 cm³, True density 1.38 g/cm³ | Porosity 85.5% (approx.) |
| Blend | 60% @ 1.50 g/cm³, 40% @ 1.20 g/cm³ | Blend density 1.37 g/cm³ |
Formula used
- Direct density: ρ = m / V
- Moisture correction: mdry = mwet / (1 + MC/100)
- Geometry volume (bundle): V = N · k · π · (d/2)² · L
- Bulk density: ρbulk = m / Vbulk
- Porosity: ε = 1 − ρbulk / ρtrue
- Blend density (rule of mixtures): 1/ρ = Σ (wi/ρi)
- Temperature volume correction: Vref = Vmeas / (1 + β·(Tmeas − Tref))
All computations are normalized to grams and cubic centimeters internally, then also reported in kilograms per cubic meter when applicable.
How to use this calculator
- Select a calculation mode that matches your measurement method.
- Enter mass and choose its unit. Add moisture if mass is wet.
- Provide the mode-specific inputs (volume, geometry, bulk data, or blend components).
- Optionally correct volume to a reference temperature using β and temperatures.
- Press Calculate to view results above the form.
- Use the download buttons to export the latest result to CSV or PDF.
FAQs
1) What is fiber density in practical terms?
Fiber density is mass per unit volume of the solid fiber material. It helps compare polymers, estimate buoyancy, and support mass–balance calculations in wet processing.
2) When should I use the geometry method?
Use geometry when you know fiber diameter, length, and how many fibers are in the bundle. It is useful for microscopy-based diameter measurements and controlled cut-length samples.
3) What does the shape factor k do?
k scales the cross-sectional area to approximate non-circular fibers. Use k = 1 for circular fibers. For flattened or irregular shapes, choose k based on measured area relative to a circle of diameter d.
4) Why include moisture correction?
Moisture increases measured mass without increasing solid polymer volume. Correcting to dry mass improves consistency across humidity conditions and supports comparison with literature true densities.
5) What is bulk density versus true density?
Bulk density uses the packed sample volume, including voids between fibers. True density refers to the solid material only. Their ratio lets you estimate porosity of a packed bed or mat.
6) How does the blend density calculation work?
The blend mode uses mass fractions and component densities. It applies 1/ρ = Σ(wᵢ/ρᵢ), which estimates the density of a mixture when volumes add ideally with no significant shrinkage or swelling.
7) What units are supported?
Mass: mg, g, kg. Volume: mm³, cm³, mL, L, m³. Diameter: µm, mm, cm. Length: mm, cm, m. Density outputs are shown in g/cm³ and kg/m³ when relevant.
8) How accurate are the results?
Accuracy depends on measurement quality and assumptions. Geometry results are sensitive to diameter and shape factor. Bulk porosity needs reliable true density. For best results, measure multiple replicates and report uncertainty.