ICE Table Solver Calculator

Inputs K_c format

Species A label

Coefficient a (reactant)

Species B label

Coefficient b (reactant)

Species C label

Coefficient c (product)

Species D label

Coefficient d (product)

[A]₀ (M)

[B]₀ (M)

[C]₀ (M)

[D]₀ (M)

K_c

Decimals

Enter integer stoichiometric coefficients. Leave a coefficient as 0 to exclude a species. Concentrations are molarity (mol·L^-1). The method solves for the change variable x using a bracketing bisection scheme.

Reaction

A + B ↔ C

Mass action: K_c =
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How it Works

Define the reaction aA + bB ↔ cC + dD. The ICE framework uses a single change variable x so that at equilibrium [A] = A₀ - a x, [B] = B₀ - b x, [C] = C₀ + c x, [D] = D₀ + d x. The mass action expression is Q(x) = \(\frac{{[C]^c[D]^d}}{{[A]^a[B]^b}}\). The solver finds x such that Q(x) = K_c, enforcing non-negativity for every species across the bracket.

Tips: If K_c is extremely large or small, expect x to approach a feasibility boundary. Use more significant figures if rounding dominates.

FAQs

An ICE table organizes Initial amounts, the Change during reaction, and the Equilibrium state. It is ideal for weak acid–base systems and general equilibria with known K_c.

Yes. Set its stoichiometric coefficient to 0. The solver ignores species with zero coefficients when building Q(x) and the feasibility bounds.

For given initial concentrations, Q(x) increases monotonically with x within feasible bounds. If your K_c is smaller than Q at the lower bound or larger than Q at the upper bound, no solution exists without changing inputs.

The interface supports up to two reactants and two products directly. For larger systems, group species into effective components or adapt the change variable approach manually.

Use molarity (mol·L^-1). K_c must be consistent with the reaction as written. If you scale coefficients, K_c changes accordingly.

Yes. Set up HA ⇌ H⁺ + A^- or similar with appropriate coefficients and initial molarities, then use K_a or K_b as K_c.

Pick enough to capture significant figures in K_c and inputs. For very small or large K_c, increase precision to prevent rounding errors from dominating the result.

1) What is an ICE table and when should I use it?

2) Can I omit a species?

3) Why do I get “Kc lies outside the reachable range”?

4) Does this handle more than two reactants or products?

5) What units should I use for concentrations?

6) Can it solve weak acid or base dissociation directly?

7) How many decimals should I choose?

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