Tank Roof Design Calculator

Design cone roofs with clear inputs and checks. See geometry, loads, and rafter sizing instantly. Download tidy summaries for teams, clients, and inspectors now.

Use the same units as your project notes.
Span assumption changes rafter demand.
Diameter measured at the shell centerline.
Example: 0.25 equals a 3/12 slope.
Use the planned nominal plate thickness.
Used with 0.6Fy allowable stress.
Center-to-center spacing along the shell.
Include coatings, walkway, or accessories here.
Construction or maintenance allowance.
Use your governing snow criteria.
Used for a simple net uplift check only.
Tip: Use conservative loads for early budgeting. Refine inputs as drawings mature.
Example data table
Scenario Diameter Slope Plate thickness Total load Required section modulus
Water tank roof 60 ft 0.25 0.1875 in ~58 psf ~7.1 in³
Fuel tank roof 18 m 0.20 6 mm ~3.0 kPa ~160 cm³
Maintenance heavy 40 ft 0.30 0.25 in ~72 psf ~9.0 in³
Example values are illustrative. Always apply your governing project criteria.
Formula used

1) Cone roof geometry

Radius: R = D ÷ 2
Rise: h = R × slope
Slant length: L = √(R² + h²)
Area: A = π × R × L

2) Load build-up

Dead load from plate: q_dead = density × thickness
Total downward load: q_total = q_dead + q_ins + q_live + q_snow

3) Rafter demand (simple beam)

Line load: w = q_total × spacing
Max moment: M = w × span² ÷ 8
Allowable stress: σ_allow = 0.6 × Fy
Section modulus: S_req = M ÷ σ_allow

This method is a planning approximation. Final roof design may require ring members, compression rings, attachments, and stability checks.
How to use this calculator
  1. Select your unit system and roof support assumption.
  2. Enter tank diameter and a slope ratio you expect.
  3. Set roof plate thickness and material strength.
  4. Add realistic loads for insulation, live, and snow.
  5. Choose rafter spacing based on your framing concept.
  6. Press calculate and review geometry and rafter demand.
  7. Export a report to share with your project team.
Article

Geometry that drives fabrication and cost

Accurate tank roof planning starts with geometry. Diameter and slope ratio define the rise, slant length, and roof area. Area drives plate quantity, coatings, insulation coverage, and access costs. The calculator converts slope to an angle for easier review. Use shell centerline diameter to match drawings.

Load build-up for realistic roof demand

Loads should reflect service conditions and construction needs. Plate dead load is derived from thickness and steel density. Add insulation, coating, walkway, and attachments as an allowance. Live load represents maintenance activity and temporary equipment. Snow load should use governing project criteria and drift considerations. Use conservative values early, then refine later.

Rafter sizing as an early screening check

Rafter sizing here is a screening check, not a final design. The tool converts total area load into a line load using rafter spacing. A simple beam assumption produces maximum moment and a required section modulus. Material strength is reduced with an allowable stress factor. Compare the required section modulus to candidate shapes from catalogs.

Uplift, stability, and attachment awareness

Wind uplift can control attachment and stability. The calculator compares a reference uplift pressure to the roof dead load. If the result indicates net uplift, review roof-to-shell connections, clips, and bracing. Consider internal pressure, openings, and local suction zones. Field conditions and temporary states may be critical.

Using outputs for decisions and documentation

Use the report outputs to support fast decisions. Start with a few roof concepts and compare area, rise, and framing demand. Document assumptions for loads and support type for later checking. Share CSV for estimating and PDF for reviews. For final design, verify rings, compression members, and detailing.

Also review drainage and corrosion protection. Slope affects water ponding risk and ice buildup. Confirm that nozzles, vents, and manways do not conflict with rafters. For supported roofs, check the compression ring and any intermediate columns. For self-supported roofs, consider plate buckling and meridional stresses. Always coordinate with fabrication limits, plate sizes, weld details, and erection sequencing. Small changes in slope or spacing can shift material and labor significantly. Record design temperatures and inspection access requirements before issuing drawings to the field.

Article word count: 330
FAQs

1) What roof shape does this calculator cover?
It estimates cone roofs using diameter and slope ratio. The outputs include rise, slant length, and area. Other roof types need different geometry and stress checks.

2) Does the rafter section modulus equal the final member size?
No. It is a planning requirement from a simple beam model. Final sizing should include connection details, continuity, buckling, lateral bracing, and any openings or concentrated loads.

3) How should I choose the insulation allowance?
Combine insulation weight, cladding, coatings, and attachments into one area load. If you are unsure, use a conservative allowance and refine once vendor data and thicknesses are confirmed.

4) What does the uplift note mean?
It compares a reference uplift pressure to dead load from plate weight. If net uplift is possible, review anchorage, clips, ring members, and temporary construction conditions with your engineer.

5) Which span is used for the rafter moment?
The calculator uses radius for the self-supported option and slant length for the supported option. Treat this as a conservative screening assumption and confirm the actual framing layout.

6) Can I use metric or imperial inputs?
Yes. Select the unit system first, then enter values consistently. The tool keeps calculations in the selected system and formats outputs for reporting and coordination.

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