Underground Cable Ampacity Calculator

Model soil, temperature, spacing, depth, and grouping impacts. Calculate adjusted current, resistance, and thermal margins. Build reliable underground cable ratings with clear practical outputs.

Calculator Inputs

Use the form below to estimate buried cable ampacity with thermal and installation derating.

Lower values usually cool cables better.
Use 0 for touching circuits.
Used for utilization and loss estimates.
Design note: This tool provides an engineering estimate for buried cable rating. Final project values should be confirmed against applicable standards, manufacturer data, and site measurements.

Formula Used

This calculator combines cable resistance, thermal resistance, and practical derating factors to estimate underground ampacity under steady-state conditions.

R20 = ρ20 / A Rθ = R20 × [1 + α × (θmax − 20)] × Kskin Ttotal = Tins + Tjacket + Tsoil Tsoil = [ρsoil / (2π)] × ln(4L / D) Ibase = √[(θmax − θsoil) / (Rθ × Ttotal)] Iadjusted = Ibase × Fcores × Fgroup × Fbonding × Finstall × Fsafety μ = 0.3LF + 0.7LF² Annual losses = n × I² × Rθ × length × 8760 × μ / 1000

Where A is conductor area, ρ20 is resistivity at 20°C, α is the temperature coefficient, θmax is insulation temperature limit, and μ is the loss factor based on the daily load factor.

How to Use This Calculator

  1. Enter conductor size, material, insulation, and number of loaded cores.
  2. Add installation data such as soil temperature, soil thermal resistivity, burial depth, external diameter, and spacing.
  3. Choose sheath bonding and installation type to reflect thermal and sheath-loss effects.
  4. Provide the expected design current, daily load factor, circuit length, and any extra safety margin.
  5. Press Calculate Ampacity to show the result above the form.
  6. Review adjusted ampacity, utilization, temperature, losses, and derating breakdown before final design decisions.

Example Data Table

Case Material Area (mm²) Insulation Soil Temp (°C) ρ Soil (K·m/W) Depth (m) Group Spacing (mm) Estimated Ampacity (A)
Feeder A Copper 240 XLPE 25 1.2 0.80 1 100 Approx. 520–540
Feeder B Aluminum 185 XLPE 30 1.5 0.90 2 75 Approx. 300–340
Feeder C Copper 95 PVC 25 1.2 0.70 3 50 Approx. 170–210

FAQs

1. What does ampacity mean for underground cables?

Ampacity is the continuous current a buried cable can carry without exceeding its permissible conductor temperature under the stated installation and soil conditions.

2. Why does soil thermal resistivity matter?

Soil thermal resistivity controls how easily heat leaves the cable. Higher resistivity traps heat, raises conductor temperature, and reduces allowable current.

3. Why is burial depth included?

Deeper burial increases the thermal path to the ground surface. That usually raises soil thermal resistance and reduces ampacity.

4. How does grouping affect the result?

Grouped circuits warm each other through mutual heating. The calculator applies a grouping factor, while wider spacing can partially recover the lost ampacity.

5. Why do copper and aluminum give different answers?

Copper normally has lower electrical resistance than aluminum at the same area. Lower resistance reduces heating and usually allows higher current.

6. What is the purpose of the safety margin?

The extra safety margin intentionally derates the calculated current. It helps cover uncertainty, aging, future load growth, and site variation.

7. Are the annual losses exact?

No. They are planning estimates based on selected design current, circuit length, and daily load factor. Real losses depend on actual load profile and temperature.

8. Can I use this result for final compliance approval?

Use it for screening and early design. Final approval should still rely on project standards, manufacturer data, and detailed thermal studies when required.

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Important Note: All the Calculators listed in this site are for educational purpose only and we do not guarentee the accuracy of results. Please do consult with other sources as well.