Replacement cost baseline
Start with a dwelling limit that reflects rebuild costs, not market value. In this model, premium scales by $1,000 of adjusted dwelling. For example, $250,000 with a 3.40 base rate produces $850 before modifiers. An inflation guard of 5% raises the dwelling to $262,500 and increases dwelling-driven parts like other structures and loss of use automatically.
Risk zone and structure weighting
Risk zone adjusts the base rate to reflect catastrophe and frequency exposure. Low zones reduce the rate by 15%, while high zones add 25%, and coastal wind exposure adds 45%. Construction further refines the rate: masonry is modeled at 0.92, steel at 0.88, and frame at 1.00. Roof age is also meaningful; roofs over 20 years add 15% in this estimate.
Deductible and claims impact
Deductibles shift expected insurer loss. A $1,000 deductible is neutral in this model, while $2,500 reduces the rate to 0.92, and $5,000 to 0.85. Recent claims add load: one claim increases pricing 10%, two 25%, and three or more 40%. This helps you test tradeoffs between premium savings and higher out-of-pocket exposure.
Liability limits and endorsements
Liability and medical payments are priced separately to keep coverage decisions transparent. Each $100,000 of liability is modeled at $45 annually, so $300,000 is roughly $135 before discounts. Optional endorsements add targeted cost: flood uses 0.12 per $1,000 of dwelling, earthquake 0.20, sewer backup adds a flat $55, and identity recovery adds $35. Scheduled jewelry and electronics are priced per $1,000 of selected limits.
Discounts, taxes, and reporting
Discounts are combined and capped at 25% to avoid unrealistic stacking. Typical examples include multi-policy at 8%, claim-free at 6%, loyalty at 5%, and paperless at 2%. Billing choices can change totals, with monthly installments modeled at a 3% factor and paid-in-full at a 1% credit. After discounts, taxes and fees are applied using your entered percentage plus a fixed $35 admin fee, then exported to CSV or PDF for planning scenarios.