Greenhouse Heating Calculator

Size your heater using real greenhouse heat-loss math. Tweak glazing, insulation, and air changes quickly. See energy, runtime costs, and safety margin instantly here.

Calculator inputs

Enter geometry, envelope performance, infiltration, and energy details. The form uses a responsive grid: 3 columns on large screens, 2 on small, 1 on mobile.

Long side of the greenhouse.
Short side of the greenhouse.
Average wall height before the roof starts.
Used to estimate roof surface area.
Only used for gable roofs.
Override calculated surface area if known.
Selecting a preset updates the U-value field.
Lower U means better insulation.
Target setpoint for plants.
Design minimum for your location.
Leakier structures need higher ACH.
Scales infiltration heat loss.
Rule-of-thumb allowance for floor losses.
Covers cold snaps, opening doors, and aging covers.
Useful heat divided by fuel energy.
Typical heating runtime per day.
Used for monthly energy and cost estimate.
Changes the fuel unit and energy content.
Enter your local price.
Reset

Formula used

This tool estimates heat loss from conduction, infiltration, and a ground allowance.
Notes: A is the envelope area (walls + roof). V is the greenhouse volume. The 0.33 constant approximates air heat capacity at typical conditions.

How to use this calculator

  1. Choose units, then enter greenhouse length, width, and sidewall height.
  2. Select a roof type. For gable roofs, enter a realistic pitch angle.
  3. Pick an envelope preset, then verify the U-value matches your cover.
  4. Enter inside and outside temperatures for your design condition.
  5. Set air changes per hour, then adjust wind exposure if needed.
  6. Add a safety margin to handle cold snaps and operational losses.
  7. Enter heater efficiency and fuel pricing to estimate operating cost.
  8. Press Calculate. Download CSV or PDF if you need a record.

Example data table

Scenario Size Cover ΔT ACH Safety Required output Energy/day
Backyard winter 10 m × 4 m × 2.2 m Double poly film 20 K 1.5 15% ~9.5 kW ~134 kWh
Small tunnel 6 m × 3 m × 2.0 m Single poly film 15 K 2.0 10% ~5.7 kW ~67 kWh
Insulated structure 12 m × 6 m × 3.0 m Well-insulated panels 25 K 1.0 20% ~10.8 kW ~153 kWh
Values are illustrative examples. Your local temperatures, leakage, and insulation can change results significantly.

Design temperatures and heat-loss drivers

Greenhouse heating demand is driven by the temperature difference between your inside setpoint and the local design minimum. Because ΔT raises losses linearly, a realistic outside temperature is critical. Many growers size for a cold, typical winter night and add a safety margin to cover occasional colder events and operational disturbances.

Envelope performance and glazing choices

The U-value describes how quickly heat passes through the cover per square meter and degree. Moving from a single layer to a double layer can substantially cut required heater capacity. Repairs, sealed joints, and tight doors often deliver savings comparable to upgrading glazing, because gaps bypass insulation entirely.

Air leakage, ventilation, and wind exposure

Air changes per hour (ACH) combine leakage and any planned fresh-air exchange. In lightly built structures, infiltration can dominate total heat loss, especially in windy sites. Adjust the wind multiplier to reflect exposure, and consider night curtains or baffles to reduce drafts across plant benches.

Sizing heaters and checking runtime

A heater should meet calculated losses plus safety margin so temperatures recover after door openings and brief cold snaps. If required output is close to installed capacity, long runtimes are expected and temperature control becomes less stable. Two smaller heaters can improve redundancy and allow staged operation.

Energy planning and cost forecasting

Operating cost depends on delivered heat, heater efficiency, and fuel price. Electric systems are simple to control, while gas and liquid fuels may reduce cost per kWh depending on local rates. Compare monthly fuel use to the estimate, then tune ACH and U-value until predictions match your real consumption.

Example data (worked set)
Size: 10 m × 4 m × 2.2 m
Cover: Double poly (U = 3.5)
Temps: 18°C inside, −2°C outside (ΔT = 20 K)
ACH: 1.5, wind 1.0
Safety: 15%, efficiency 85%
Typical outcome: required output near 9–10 kW, depending on leakage and area.

FAQs

1) What outside temperature should I use?

Use a representative cold winter night for your area, then add safety margin. Sizing only for record lows often oversizes equipment and inflates costs for typical operation.

2) How do I pick a U-value if I am unsure?

Start with the closest cover preset. After a few weeks, compare predicted energy to your measured use and adjust U-value or ACH until the estimate aligns with reality.

3) Why does air leakage matter so much?

Leaking air removes warmed air that you paid to heat. In windy conditions, infiltration losses can exceed conduction, especially with loose doors, torn film, or unsealed seams.

4) Should I enter a custom envelope area?

Yes, if you have a measured wall-and-roof area or manufacturer data. It improves accuracy for tall end walls, complex shapes, or when you use internal curtains at night.

5) What efficiency should I use for the heater?

Use the rated efficiency for your appliance. If unknown, choose a conservative value. Short cycling, poor maintenance, and installation issues can reduce delivered heat and raise fuel use.

6) How can I reduce the required heater size?

Seal leaks, add a second glazing layer, and use nighttime thermal curtains. Reducing ACH and improving U-value typically lowers required kW more than minor setpoint changes.

7) Why do my real costs differ from the estimate?

Daily weather varies, and sun can offset heating on bright days. Door openings, humidity control, and fans also change loads. Calibrate ACH and U-value using measured fuel use.

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Important Note: All the Calculators listed in this site are for educational purpose only and we do not guarentee the accuracy of results. Please do consult with other sources as well.