Coleman–Weinberg Potential Calculator

Explore radiative corrections with a clean, responsive calculator. Tune couplings, masses, and renormalization scale easily. See loop details instantly, then export your results securely.

Input Parameters

Fill values, add loop entries, then compute the effective potential.
A single field point for Veff(φ).
Renormalization scale; must be > 0.
Tree-level φ⁴ coefficient uses ¼λφ⁴.
Tree-level term uses ½m²φ².
Constant shift in the potential.
Used for numerical dV/dφ (central difference).

One-loop entries

Use m²(φ)=aφ²+b. Fermions apply a minus sign automatically.
Type Degeneracy n a b c constant Remove
Check to override the default constant c.
Check to override the default constant c.

Formula Used

This calculator evaluates a common one-loop effective potential in the \(\overline{\text{MS}}\) scheme:

Veff(φ)=V0+½m²φ²+¼λφ⁴ + Σi \(\frac{n_i}{64\pi^2}\) mi(φ)4 [ln(|mi(φ)2|/μ²) − ci]
  • Field-dependent masses use m²(φ)=aφ²+b for each entry.
  • Defaults: scalars and fermions use c=3/2, gauge uses c=5/6.
  • Fermions apply an overall negative sign (via neff).

How to Use This Calculator

  1. Enter the field value φ and scale μ.
  2. Set tree parameters λ, , and optional V₀.
  3. Add one-loop entries: choose type, degeneracy n, then a and b.
  4. Optionally override the scheme constant c for specialized conventions.
  5. Enable dV/dφ to probe extrema using a numerical step h.
  6. Click Compute. Results appear above the form.
  7. Use Download CSV or Download PDF for reporting.

Example Data Table

A sample setup often used for quick validation.

Parameter Example value Notes
φ200Field point for evaluation.
μ200Pick near the dominant mass scale.
λ0.10Tree-level quartic coupling.
0Often set to zero in CW setups.
Scalar loopn=1, a=0.20, b=0m²(φ)=aφ²+b, c=3/2 default.
Fermion loopn=4, a=0.15, b=0Minus sign applied automatically.
Professional Article

Coleman–Weinberg Potential in Practice

Radiative symmetry breaking can appear when the classical potential is scale free. The Coleman–Weinberg approach adds the one-loop vacuum energy, turning running couplings into a measurable shape for V_eff(φ). This calculator evaluates that shape at a chosen field point, helping compare parameter sets quickly and consistently across studies in research.

Model Inputs: φ, μ, m², and λ

The tree-level part uses V0 + 1/2 m^2 φ^2 + 1/4 λ φ^4. Enter μ as the renormalization scale that controls the logarithms. A practical rule is to keep μ near the dominant mass in the spectrum, which reduces large logs and improves numerical stability for perturbation theory in scans.

Loop Spectrum Table: m²(φ)=aφ²+b

Each one-loop entry defines a field-dependent mass with m²(φ)=aφ²+b. The coefficient a can represent a coupling-squared factor, while b captures masses or symmetry-breaking terms. At your chosen φ, the calculator computes m², m⁴, and ln(|m²|/μ²), then reports each contribution term so you can audit which particles dominate the loop sum.

Degrees of Freedom and Fermion Sign

Degeneracy n counts physical degrees of freedom, such as color, spin, and particle/antiparticle states. For fermions, the loop sign is negative, implemented here automatically through n_eff. This prevents accidental sign mistakes when exploring radiative corrections. Typical examples are n=1 for a real scalar and n=4 for a Dirac fermion field.

Scheme Constants and Scale Sensitivity

In the MS-bar convention, scalars and fermions use c=3/2, while gauge bosons commonly use c=5/6. You may override c to match alternative schemes or thresholds. Because the correction scales as m⁴/(64π²), even modest mass changes can matter. Shifting μ rescales the log and redistributes terms between tree and loop parts.

Interpreting V_tree, V_1loop, and V_eff

The summary separates V_tree, V_1loop, and V_eff so you can see whether radiative effects are small corrections or the driver of the potential. If V_1loop is comparable to V_tree, perturbation theory may be strained. Use the per-entry table to identify the largest term and reconsider its parameters or μ choice.

Using dV/dφ to Locate Extrema

Enable the numerical derivative to estimate dV/dφ using a central difference with step h. When the slope crosses zero, you may be near an extremum, and the sign change indicates stability trends. Choose h small enough for accuracy but large enough to avoid floating-point noise, especially when V_eff is flat.

Exportable Outputs and Reproducible Reports

After a computation, export results as CSV for spreadsheets or as PDF for archiving. The CSV captures inputs, the summary, and each one-loop row, supporting parameter sweeps and version tracking. The PDF prints the same tables in a format, making it easy to attach to notes, lab books, or reviews.

FAQs

What is the Coleman–Weinberg potential used for?

It estimates the one-loop effective potential that includes radiative corrections. It is commonly used to study symmetry breaking, vacuum structure, and scale dependence in quantum field models where loop effects reshape the classical potential.

Why do fermion rows reduce the potential?

Grassmann statistics produce a minus sign in the functional determinant. The calculator applies this by using a negative effective degeneracy for fermion rows, reducing sign errors during comparisons.

How should I choose the scale μ?

Pick μ close to the characteristic mass scale of the particles contributing at your chosen φ. This keeps logarithms small and improves perturbative behavior. For scans, try μ ≈ m(φ) for the dominant entry, then test sensitivity by varying μ up and down.

What do a and b mean in m²(φ)=aφ²+b?

In this tool, each loop mass is modeled as m²(φ)=aφ²+b. Parameter a often encodes coupling strength to the background field, while b represents a field-independent mass term or soft breaking contribution. Set them to match your effective spectrum.

Why does the calculator use ln(|m²|/μ²) sometimes?

If m²(φ) is negative, the one-loop potential develops an imaginary part. For reporting the real part, the calculator uses ln(|m²|/μ²) and shows a warning. Negative values can indicate instability or that you are expanding around a non-minimum.

Can I override the constant c?

Yes. The default constants are c=3/2 for scalars and fermions and c=5/6 for gauge bosons in a common MS-bar setup. Override c when matching a specific paper, threshold prescription, or renormalization convention, and document the choice in exports.

How do I export results for reports?

After computing, use Download CSV for machine-readable inputs and tables, or Download PDF for a formatted snapshot. CSV is ideal for sweeps and plots, while PDF works well for sharing and archiving alongside notes.

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