Potential Evaporation Calculator

Calculate potential evaporation with energy balance and atmospheric factors. Track results, tables, and plotted trends. Built for precise study, testing, and field comparison needs.

Calculator Form

About This Calculator

Potential evaporation is the amount of water that could evaporate when energy and atmospheric demand are available without strong moisture limits. It is often used in environmental physics, hydrology, irrigation planning, and land surface studies.

This page uses a radiation-based Priestley-Taylor style approach. It focuses on net radiation, air temperature, psychrometric effects, latent heat, and an adjustment coefficient. The result is useful for comparing conditions across days, sites, or experimental scenarios.

Formula Used

1) Saturation vapor pressure:

es = 0.6108 × exp((17.27 × T) / (T + 237.3))

2) Slope of saturation vapor pressure curve:

Δ = 4098 × es / (T + 237.3)²

3) Daily potential evaporation:

PE = α × [Δ / (Δ + γ)] × (Rn / λ)

4) Total evaporation over the selected period:

Total PE = Daily PE × Days

Here, Rn is net radiation, T is air temperature, γ is the psychrometric constant, α is the Priestley-Taylor coefficient, and λ is latent heat of vaporization.

How to Use This Calculator

  1. Enter net radiation in MJ/m²/day.
  2. Enter the representative air temperature in degrees Celsius.
  3. Provide the psychrometric constant for your site or pressure condition.
  4. Set the Priestley-Taylor coefficient. A common open-water style value is 1.26.
  5. Enter latent heat and the number of days for the study period.
  6. Leave the manual Δ field empty to let the calculator compute it from temperature.
  7. Submit the form to show the result above the calculator.
  8. Download the summary as CSV or PDF if needed.

Example Data Table

Case Net Radiation Air Temp γ α λ Computed Δ Daily PE
1 8.00 18.00 0.066 1.26 2.45 0.1298 2.7272
2 12.00 22.00 0.066 1.26 2.45 0.1611 4.3782
3 16.00 26.00 0.066 1.26 2.45 0.1987 6.1769
4 20.00 30.00 0.066 1.26 2.45 0.2434 8.0913

Frequently Asked Questions

1. What does potential evaporation mean?

It estimates how much water could evaporate when enough energy is available and surface moisture is not the limiting factor. It reflects atmospheric demand rather than actual observed loss alone.

2. Why is net radiation important here?

Net radiation supplies the main energy driving phase change. When radiation rises, the energy available for evaporation usually increases, so the potential evaporation estimate also grows.

3. Why does the calculator use temperature?

Temperature affects saturation vapor pressure and its slope. Those values influence how strongly available energy translates into evaporation in the Priestley-Taylor style formulation.

4. What is the psychrometric constant?

It links air pressure, heat capacity, and latent heat effects. In practice, it helps balance the energy term with atmospheric thermodynamic behavior in evaporation equations.

5. When should I use a manual Δ override?

Use it when you already derived the slope of the saturation vapor pressure curve from another trusted workflow or dataset and want the calculator to follow that exact value.

6. What value should I enter for α?

A common value is 1.26 for moist surfaces in radiation-based applications. Still, your research method, calibration approach, or site condition may justify another coefficient.

7. Is this the same as actual evaporation?

No. Potential evaporation shows the atmospheric demand under favorable moisture conditions. Actual evaporation can be lower when water supply, vegetation, or surface resistance limits loss.

8. What units does the final result use?

The calculator returns millimeters per day for the daily estimate and millimeters across the selected period for the total estimate, assuming the entered units follow the shown labels.

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Important Note: All the Calculators listed in this site are for educational purpose only and we do not guarentee the accuracy of results. Please do consult with other sources as well.