Tresca Stress Calculator

Analyze yielding using Tresca maximum shear theory fast. Enter stresses choose units compute instantly now. Compare against yield strength and plan safer designs confidently.

Enter Inputs
Switch modes to reveal relevant fields.
All stresses are interpreted in selected units.
Used to compute factor of safety.
Tension positive, compression negative.
Enter signed value in chosen units.
Use 0 for thin plate assumption.
Normal stress in x-direction.
Normal stress in y-direction.
In-plane shear stress component.
Plane stress conversion inside calculator
Principal stresses are computed using: σavg=(σx+σy)/2, R=sqrt(((σx−σy)/2)^2 + τxy^2), σ1=σavg+R, σ2=σavg−R, and σ3=0.
Formula Used

The Tresca criterion is based on the maximum shear stress theory. For principal stresses σ1, σ2, and σ3, compute:

  • σTresca = max(|σ1−σ2|, |σ2−σ3|, |σ3−σ1|)
  • τmax = σTresca / 2

If yield strength σy is provided, the factor of safety is FoS = σy / σTresca.

How to Use This Calculator
  1. Select Principal stresses or Plane stress mode.
  2. Choose a unit system for all entered stress values.
  3. Enter signed stresses; tension positive, compression negative.
  4. Optionally enter yield strength to compute factor of safety.
  5. Press Calculate to view results above the form.
  6. Use Download CSV or Download PDF to export.
Example Data Table
Case Mode Inputs Units σTresca τmax FoS (σy=250)
1 Principal σ1=120, σ2=40, σ3=-10 MPa 130 65 1.923
2 Plane σx=80, σy=20, τxy=30 MPa ~102.426 ~51.213 ~2.441
3 Principal σ1=60, σ2=10, σ3=0 MPa 60 30 4.167
The plane-stress example computes principal stresses internally before applying Tresca.
Article

1) Understanding the Tresca criterion

Tresca theory predicts yielding when the maximum shear stress in a material reaches the shear stress at yield in a uniaxial test. In practice, this is implemented by comparing the largest difference between principal stresses to an allowable limit. The calculator reports an equivalent value, σTresca, along with τmax, making it easy to connect stress states to yield strength data.

2) Why maximum shear matters

Many ductile metals begin plastic flow when shear-driven slip systems activate. Tresca focuses directly on that mechanism, so it is widely used in mechanical design checks, pressure vessel screening, and quick safety evaluations. Because it uses the largest principal stress gap, it often provides a conservative boundary compared with energy-based criteria.

3) Two input paths for real problems

If you already know principal stresses (σ1, σ2, σ3) from a solver or Mohr’s circle, choose the principal mode. If your data is in-plane (σx, σy, τxy), use plane stress mode. The calculator converts plane stress to principal stresses internally and then applies the Tresca check.

4) Units and sign convention

Select one unit set and keep every stress in that same unit. Tension is treated as positive and compression as negative, so mixed loading is handled correctly. For example, a tensile σ1 combined with a compressive σ3 can increase the stress difference and raise σTresca noticeably.

5) Reading the key outputs

σTresca is the maximum of |σ1−σ2|, |σ2−σ3|, and |σ3−σ1|. τmax is half of that value. The table of stress differences helps you identify which principal pair controls the design, which is useful when adjusting geometry or load paths.

6) Relation to von Mises checks

Tresca and von Mises are both used for ductile yielding, but they measure different things. Tresca tracks maximum shear, while von Mises tracks distortion energy. For many stress states, Tresca predicts yielding at a slightly lower load, which is why it is considered conservative in routine design.

7) Using yield strength and safety factor

If you enter yield strength, the calculator returns a factor of safety defined as FoS = σy / σTresca. This is a direct ratio using the same unit system. A FoS above 1 indicates the stress state is below yield by this criterion, while lower values suggest yielding risk.

8) Practical tips for accurate results

Verify that the input stresses describe the same point and load case. For plane stress, remember σ3 is assumed to be zero, which is valid for thin plates where out-of-plane stress is negligible. When in doubt, compare results for several unit choices and re-check sign entries before exporting.

FAQs

1) What is Tresca stress?

Tresca stress is an equivalent value based on the largest difference between principal stresses. It represents the shear-driven yielding limit used in maximum shear stress theory for ductile materials.

2) When should I use plane stress mode?

Use plane stress mode when your known inputs are σx, σy, and τxy from a thin plate or surface stress state. The calculator converts them into principal stresses before applying the criterion.

3) Can I enter compressive stresses?

Yes. Enter compression as negative and tension as positive. The calculator uses absolute principal stress differences, so mixed tension-compression cases are handled correctly.

4) What units should I choose?

Choose any one unit system (Pa, kPa, MPa, GPa, psi, or ksi) and keep all stresses and yield strength in that same unit. Results and exports follow the selected unit.

5) Why is σ3 set to zero in plane stress?

Plane stress assumes negligible out-of-plane normal stress, typical for thin components. Setting σ3 = 0 matches that assumption. If out-of-plane stress is significant, use principal stresses from a full 3D analysis.

6) How is the factor of safety computed?

The factor of safety is FoS = σy / σTresca when a yield strength is provided. It is a simple ratio, so it is unit-consistent and easy to interpret for screening decisions.

7) Is Tresca always more conservative than von Mises?

Often, yes. Tresca typically predicts yielding at a slightly lower load for the same stress state. However, the difference depends on the stress combination, so engineering standards and material behavior should guide which criterion you use.

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