Calculator Inputs
The page uses a stacked layout, while the calculator fields switch to 3, 2, and 1 columns by screen size.
Example Data Table
These are sample investment scenarios for quick benchmarking.
| Scenario | Purchase Price | Monthly Rent | Vacancy | NOI | Annual Cash Flow | Cap Rate | Cash on Cash |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Urban Condo | $250,000 | $2,200 | 5% | $14,806 | $1,172 | 5.92% | 1.65% |
| Suburban Duplex | $340,000 | $3,100 | 4% | $24,672 | $6,180 | 7.26% | 6.24% |
| Small Single Family | $185,000 | $1,650 | 6% | $10,968 | $1,944 | 5.93% | 3.02% |
Formula Used
Loan Amount = Purchase Price − Down Payment
Monthly Mortgage Payment = L × r × (1 + r)n ÷ ((1 + r)n − 1)
Gross Scheduled Income = (Monthly Rent + Other Monthly Income) × 12
Vacancy Loss = Gross Scheduled Income × Vacancy Rate
Effective Gross Income = Gross Scheduled Income − Vacancy Loss
Operating Expenses = Taxes + Insurance + HOA + Utilities + Repairs + CapEx + Leasing + Miscellaneous + Management
NOI = Effective Gross Income − Operating Expenses
Annual Cash Flow = NOI − Annual Debt Service
Cap Rate = NOI ÷ Purchase Price
Cash on Cash Return = Annual Cash Flow ÷ Total Cash Invested
DSCR = NOI ÷ Annual Debt Service
Break-even Occupancy = (Operating Expenses + Annual Debt Service) ÷ Gross Scheduled Income
How to Use This Calculator
- Enter the purchase price, down payment, and one-time acquisition costs.
- Add monthly rent and any side income like parking or laundry.
- Estimate vacancy, management, tax, insurance, repairs, and capital reserves.
- Enter loan rate and term to include financing impact.
- Set growth assumptions for rent, expenses, and appreciation.
- Click the calculate button to show results above the form.
- Review cash flow, NOI, cap rate, DSCR, and break-even occupancy.
- Use CSV or PDF export for sharing, review, or recordkeeping.
Frequently Asked Questions
1. What does NOI mean?
NOI means net operating income. It measures property income after operating expenses but before mortgage payments, income taxes, and depreciation.
2. Why is cap rate important?
Cap rate helps compare property performance without financing effects. It is useful for comparing similar properties in the same market.
3. What is cash on cash return?
Cash on cash return shows how much annual pre-tax cash flow you earn relative to the actual cash you invested upfront.
4. Should I include vacancy even in strong markets?
Yes. Even strong markets experience tenant turnover, repairs, and leasing gaps. A vacancy allowance keeps your analysis more realistic.
5. What is a good DSCR?
Many lenders prefer DSCR above 1.20, though requirements vary. Higher coverage gives better safety against income volatility and unexpected costs.
6. Why separate repairs and capital expenditures?
Repairs cover routine maintenance. Capital expenditures cover major replacements like roofs, HVAC systems, flooring, or appliances.
7. Does this calculator include tax benefits?
No. This version focuses on property operations, debt, and equity growth. Personal tax strategy depends on location, structure, and investor profile.
8. How should I use the five year projection?
Use it to stress-test assumptions. Compare rent growth, appreciation, and expense growth to see whether returns stay attractive over time.