Bathroom Fixture Count Calculator

Turn occupant loads into clear fixture schedules fast. Adjust ratios to match local design standards. Download tables for teams, bids, and approval packages today.

White theme Adjustable ratios CSV + PDF

Calculator inputs

Enter occupancies and ratios. Use defaults as a starting point, then adjust to match your project’s requirements.

Used on downloads only.
Choose your available data source.
Use occupant load or design population.
If unknown, use the total split method.
Total used to derive male and female counts.
Female percent = 100 − male percent.

Pick the approach you want to model.
Default: 35 people per fixture.
Used in both male methods.
Percent of male fixtures provided as urinals.
Keeps at least this many male WCs.
Used only with separate ratios.
Counted across total occupancy.
Enable when program requires showers.
Only applies when showers are enabled.

Adds additional fixtures to totals.
Count single-user or family rooms.
Add lavatories provided in those rooms.
Subsets are included within totals, not added.
Auto-clamped to total WCs.
Auto-clamped to total lavatories.
Shown only when showers are enabled.

Formula used

This calculator models fixture requirements using ratio-based planning. Each fixture count is rounded up to the next whole number.
  • Water closets (female): WCF = ceil( OccupantsF ÷ PeoplePerWCF )
  • Water closets (male): WCM = ceil( OccupantsM ÷ PeoplePerWCM ) adjusted by method
  • Urinals (substitution method): Base = ceil( OccupantsM ÷ PeoplePerWCM )
  • Urinals = floor( Base × SubstitutionPercent )
  • Male WCs = max( MinimumMaleWCs, Base − Urinals )
  • Urinals (separate ratios): Urinals = ceil( OccupantsM ÷ PeoplePerUrinalM )
  • Lavatories (total): Lav = ceil( (OccupantsM + OccupantsF) ÷ PeoplePerLav )
  • Showers (optional): Showers = ceil( TotalOccupants ÷ PeoplePerShower ) when enabled
  • Unisex fixtures: Added directly to totals as additional fixtures
  • Accessibility: Tracked as subsets within totals (clamped)

How to use this calculator

  1. Enter occupancy using either male/female counts or a total with split percent.
  2. Set your ratios for water closets and lavatories based on design standards.
  3. Choose the male method: substitution or separate WC + urinal ratios.
  4. Optionally include showers and add any additional unisex fixtures.
  5. Click Calculate to display results above the form.
  6. Use CSV/PDF downloads to share the summary with your team.

Example data table

These examples show how ratios affect outputs. Adjust ratios to match your requirements.

Scenario Male Female WC ratio (M/F) Lav ratio Urinal method Total WCs Urinals Lavatories
Small office suite 18 22 50 / 35 50 Substitution 50% 2 0 1
Training floor 60 40 50 / 35 50 Substitution 50% 4 1 2
Assembly area 120 120 50 / 35 50 Separate ratios 6 3 5
Mixed with unisex rooms 40 60 50 / 35 50 Substitution 50% 4 (+1 unisex) 1 2 (+1 unisex)
Examples are illustrative, not code determinations.

Occupancy inputs and planning intent

Fixture planning starts with a defensible occupant load. This calculator lets you enter male and female counts, or use a total population with a percent split. For early design, teams often test multiple splits to see how the female water closet requirement controls the layout. Results are rounded up, so small changes near a ratio threshold can add an entire fixture.

Ratio selection and sensitivity

Ratios translate people into fixtures using simple division and ceiling rounding. The default examples use 50 people per male closet, 35 per female closet, and 50 per lavatory, which helps illustrate sensitivity. For instance, increasing a female count from 69 to 70 at a 35:1 ratio moves from 2 to 2 fixtures, but 70 to 71 moves to 3. Use these breakpoints during schematic layout.

Urinals and distribution options

Male counts can be modeled using substitution or separate ratios. Substitution first computes a base male fixture count, then assigns a percentage as urinals while enforcing a minimum number of male closets. Separate ratios let you set one ratio for male closets and another for urinals. This flexibility supports different design standards without changing the underlying workflow.

Lavatories, showers, and unisex rooms

Lavatories are calculated on total occupancy to support shared handwashing capacity. Optional showers can be enabled for facilities such as fitness areas, industrial programs, or staff support spaces. If your project includes single-user rooms, unisex fixtures can be added as additional counts. This helps teams quantify how family rooms or all-gender rooms affect total fixture schedules.

Accessibility subsets and reporting

Accessibility fields track how many fixtures within the totals are planned as accessible subsets. The calculator clamps subsets so they cannot exceed totals, helping avoid reporting errors. After calculation, export the summary to CSV or PDF for coordination with architecture, plumbing, cost estimating, and permit documentation. Keep exports with revision dates to support design decisions. If totals change, rerun exports and archive prior versions for traceability during review cycles and stakeholder meetings and submittals later.

FAQs

1) Does this calculator replace code-required plumbing counts?

No. It is a planning tool that converts occupancy and ratios into counts. Always verify fixture minimums, distribution rules, and any exceptions against the governing code and local authority requirements.

2) Why are fixture results rounded up?

Fixtures are discrete items, so fractional results are not buildable. The calculator uses ceiling rounding to ensure capacity meets or exceeds the selected ratio, which is typical for early planning and scheduling.

3) When should I use total occupancy with a percent split?

Use it when occupant load is known but gender distribution is uncertain. Testing multiple split percentages quickly shows which scenario governs water closet counts and whether unisex rooms may reduce layout risk.

4) What is the difference between substitution and separate urinal ratios?

Substitution starts with a base male fixture count and converts a percentage to urinals, while enforcing a minimum male closet count. Separate ratios calculate male closets and urinals independently using two different ratios.

5) Are accessibility counts added on top of total fixtures?

No. They are tracked as subsets within the total counts. This helps reporting and coordination, while avoiding double counting. If your jurisdiction requires additional fixtures, adjust totals or ratios accordingly.

6) What should I include in exported CSV or PDF for coordination?

Include the project label, occupancy assumptions, selected ratios, and resulting fixture totals. Save exports with a date and revision note so estimating, plumbing design, and permitting teams can reference the same basis.

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