Bridge Span Length Calculator

Quickly size spans for common bridge layouts. Enter loads, section properties, and safety preferences easily. See governing span instantly, then download clean reports anywhere.

Calculator Inputs

Enter design loads and section capacity to estimate a maximum span.
All results are preliminary checks only.
Select a support condition.
Choose a case that matches your layout.
Use 1.0 for one lane, higher for multiple lanes.
UDL: kN/m. Point: kN.
UDL: kN/m. Point: kN.
Adds dynamic allowance to the applied load.
Use your preferred load combination factor.
Design capacity = capacity ÷ safety factor.
Nominal capacity before safety factor.
Used with section modulus to derive moment capacity.
Commonly from the girder cross-section.
Typical steel ≈ 200, concrete varies by grade.
Use consistent units: mm⁴.
Example: 800 means max δ = L/800.

Example Data Table

Support Load Case Loads Capacity E (GPa) I (mm⁴) Limit Span (m)
Simply Supported UDL 18 + 22 kN/m, impact 10% 2200 kN·m, SF 1.5 200 8.5×10¹⁰ L/800 ≈ 22.0
Fixed–Fixed UDL 15 + 25 kN/m, impact 15% 2600 kN·m, SF 1.6 200 1.1×10¹¹ L/1000 ≈ 26.5
Cantilever End Point 250 + 150 kN, impact 20% 1800 kN·m, SF 1.7 200 6.0×10¹⁰ L/600 ≈ 6.0
Examples are illustrative; verify with project-specific codes and analysis.

Formula Used

Moment capacity
  • Mcap (kN·m) = σallow (MPa) × S (mm³) ÷ 10⁶
  • Mdesign = Mcap ÷ Safety Factor
Load amplification
  • Design load = (Dead + Live) × Lane × LoadFactor × (1 + Impact)
Span limits from classic beam relationships
Moment limits
  • Simply supported UDL: M = wL²/8
  • Fixed–fixed UDL: M = wL²/12
  • Cantilever UDL: M = wL²/2
  • Simply supported mid point: M = PL/4
  • Fixed–fixed mid point: M = PL/8
  • Cantilever end point: M = PL
Deflection limits
  • Simply UDL: δ = 5wL⁴/(384EI)
  • Fixed UDL: δ = wL⁴/(384EI)
  • Cantilever UDL: δ = wL⁴/(8EI)
  • Simply point: δ = PL³/(48EI)
  • Fixed point: δ = PL³/(192EI)
  • Cantilever end: δ = PL³/(3EI)
The calculator solves for L using a deflection limit of δ = L/ratio.

How to Use This Calculator

  1. Pick the support condition that matches your span behavior.
  2. Select a load case: UDL, midspan point, or cantilever end load.
  3. Enter dead and live loads, then set lane, load, and impact factors.
  4. Provide capacity as moment, or derive it from stress and section modulus.
  5. Add E, I, and a deflection ratio to enable serviceability checking.
  6. Press Calculate Span to view the governing result above.
  7. Download CSV or PDF to share a quick preliminary summary.
This tool supports early-stage sizing. Final design must follow applicable codes and full structural analysis.

Design intent and scope

This calculator supports preliminary sizing of bridge spans by balancing strength and serviceability. It estimates a maximum span using classic beam relationships for bending moment and deflection. Use it to screen girder options, compare layouts, and document assumptions before detailed modeling. Results are best suited for straight, prismatic members under idealized loading.


Load inputs and multipliers

Enter dead and live loads as either kN/m for distributed loading or kN for point loading. Dead load may include deck self-weight, wearing course, parapets, utilities, and future overlays. The design load is amplified using a lane multiplier, an optional load factor, and an impact percentage for dynamics. Keep factors consistent with your design basis and verify whether loads are per meter.


Capacity and stiffness data

Capacity may be entered directly as moment capacity, or derived from allowable stress and section modulus for quick section screening. Adding elastic modulus and second moment of area enables a deflection-based span limit using a chosen L/ratio. For concrete or composite sections, consider effective stiffness and staged behavior when selecting E and I for service checks.


Interpreting governing results

The calculator reports separate span limits from the moment check and the deflection check, then selects the smaller value as governing. A rounded recommendation is provided to encourage conservative layout planning and modular detailing. If results appear unusual, recheck load case selection, multipliers, and capacity method. Continuous multi-span systems, skew, torsion, and diaphragm action can change distribution and should be evaluated separately.


Example data snapshot

The following inputs illustrate a typical screening run for a simply supported span under distributed loading. In this case, the combined service load is 40 kN/m, amplified by 1.10 impact, giving 44 kN/m before capacity and deflection limits are applied.

Support Load case Dead Live Impact Capacity Limit Result
Simply supported UDL 18 kN/m 22 kN/m 10% 2200 kN·m, SF 1.5 L/800 Governing ≈ 22.0 m

FAQs

1) What span does the calculator report?

It reports a governing maximum span based on the smaller of the moment-based span limit and the deflection-based span limit for the selected support and load case.

2) Are loads entered as kN or kN/m?

For UDL cases, enter loads in kN/m. For point-load cases, enter loads in kN. The calculator applies the same multipliers, then uses the appropriate beam equations.

3) How is impact factor applied?

Impact is applied as a percentage increase to the combined dead and live load after lane and load factors. For example, 10% impact multiplies load by 1.10.

4) What if I do not know E and I?

You can still compute a moment-based span. Without E and I, the deflection check is skipped, so treat the result as a strength screening value and verify serviceability later.

5) Why is a safety factor used on capacity?

The safety factor reduces nominal capacity to a design capacity, reflecting uncertainty and desired reliability. Use a factor aligned with your design method and project requirements.

6) Can I use allowable stress and section modulus instead of moment capacity?

Yes. The calculator converts allowable stress and section modulus into moment capacity, then applies the safety factor. This is useful when comparing alternative girder sections quickly.

7) Does this replace a full bridge design?

No. It is for early sizing only. Final design requires code load models, fatigue and shear checks, detailing, bearings, continuity effects, and full structural analysis for the chosen system.

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Important Note: All the Calculators listed in this site are for educational purpose only and we do not guarentee the accuracy of results. Please do consult with other sources as well.