Timber Decay Risk Calculator

Check moisture, temperature, and exposure to rate decay. Compare treatments and detailing for protection better. Use the results to choose durable timber assemblies quickly.

Inputs

Decay risk rises rapidly above ~20% MC.
High RH slows drying and promotes fungal activity.
Decay is most active roughly 5–35 °C.
Rain splash, leaks, cleaning, condensation cycles.
Time with trapped moisture or poor drying.
Use species data or supplier guidance where available.
Exposure drives wetting and biological hazard severity.
Ventilation affects drying speed and time-of-wetness.
Match treatment level to exposure and local practice.
Sloped surfaces, weep paths, no water traps.
Seal cuts, notches, and exposed end grain.
Coating system with planned maintenance.
Rainscreen / cavity behind cladding.
Clear

Example data table

Scenario MC (%) RH (%) Temp (°C) Exposure Treatment Ventilation Key detailing Expected risk
Interior framing 12 55 22 Above protected None Good Drying likely Low
Covered exterior soffit 16 75 26 Above protected Light Moderate Coating + sealed cuts Moderate
Exposed balcony joists 22 85 24 Above exposed Medium Moderate Drainage + air gap High
Fence post in soil 28 80 20 Ground contact Heavy Poor Soil splash control High
Timber near waterline 32 95 18 Freshwater Heavy Poor Frequent inspection Severe

These are illustrative examples. Use project-specific exposure, materials, and maintenance assumptions for decisions.

Formula used

This calculator estimates decay risk using a weighted climate–wetness model and adjustment factors. The output is a practical screening score from 0 to 100.

  • Climate Index (0–100): combines relative humidity and temperature effects.
  • Wetness Index (0–100): combines moisture content, wetting frequency, and wet days/year.
  • Base Risk: 0.55 × Wetness + 0.45 × Climate
  • Final Score: Base Risk × Durability × Exposure × Ventilation × Treatment × Detailing, capped to 0–100.

The factors represent typical field influence: durability and exposure raise susceptibility, while treatment and good detailing reduce the effective risk.

How to use this calculator

  1. Enter typical moisture, humidity, and temperature for the timber’s environment.
  2. Estimate wetting frequency and wet days based on leaks, splash, and drying.
  3. Select durability class, exposure, ventilation quality, and treatment level.
  4. Tick detailing measures you plan to include (drainage, sealing, coatings, air gaps).
  5. Press Calculate Risk to view the score and recommendations.
  6. Use the download buttons to export the report for records.

Timber decay risk guidance

1) Moisture content thresholds

Wood decay fungi need sustained moisture. As a practical rule, timber held below about 16% moisture content typically presents low decay risk, while 16–20% calls for closer detailing and inspection. When moisture content remains above 20% for extended periods, the likelihood of biological attack increases quickly, especially at warm temperatures.

2) Humidity and temperature band

High relative humidity slows drying and keeps surface wetness higher. In this model, average RH above 85% materially increases the climate index. Temperature also matters: decay activity is commonly strongest between about 5 °C and 35 °C, so an otherwise damp element at 25 °C is usually more vulnerable than the same element at 5 °C.

3) Wetting frequency and time-of-wetness

Wetting events per week and wet days per year represent how often timber is re-wetted and how long it stays unable to dry. For example, a sheltered façade might see 2 wetting events/week and 30 wet days/year, while a leaking balcony detail can reach 5 events/week and 120 wet days/year. Increasing time-of-wetness typically shifts the result toward High or Severe categories.

4) Exposure, ventilation, and detailing

Exposure class applies a hazard multiplier: above-ground protected members dry faster than ground-contact or marine splash-zone elements. Ventilation reduces trapped moisture, and detailing upgrades further lower risk. Positive drainage, sealed end grain, protective coatings, and a ventilation air gap each reduce the effective score by small, compounding factors.

5) Treatment, durability, and inspection planning

Species durability (class 1–5) and preservative treatment level adjust susceptibility. If the calculator returns High or Severe, consider upgrading to a more durable species, increasing treatment to match the hazard class, and tightening inspection intervals. Document moisture readings and maintenance actions to keep the element in a lower-risk operating range. Use exported CSV or PDF outputs to track changes over time.

FAQs

1) What does the 0–100 score represent?

It is a screening indicator that combines climate, wetness, and adjustment factors. Lower scores suggest better drying and lower decay potential. Higher scores signal conditions where timber protection and detailing become critical.

2) Which input usually drives the result the most?

Moisture content and time-of-wetness typically dominate. Keeping MC below about 16–18% and limiting wet days can reduce risk more effectively than small changes in other factors.

3) How can I estimate moisture content on site?

Use a calibrated moisture meter and take multiple readings. Measure near end grain, fasteners, and shaded areas. Record the highest stable readings, not short-term spikes after rainfall.

4) What is a practical way to estimate wet days per year?

Count days when surfaces stay damp or cavities cannot dry: leak history, splash zones, condensation seasons, and water traps. If unsure, use a conservative higher value to avoid underestimating risk.

5) Does preservative treatment eliminate decay risk?

No. Treatment improves resistance but does not replace sound detailing. Poor drainage, trapped moisture, and damaged coatings can still lead to decay, checking, or connector corrosion.

6) Can I use this for engineered wood products?

Yes for early screening, but verify product-specific limits. Some engineered members are sensitive to moisture cycling and require strict edge sealing, membranes, and manufacturer-approved protection systems.

7) What are the fastest upgrades to lower the score?

Add positive drainage, introduce ventilation gaps, seal end grain and cuts, maintain coatings, and reduce ground contact. If exposure is severe, also upgrade durability class or treatment level.

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Important Note: All the Calculators listed in this site are for educational purpose only and we do not guarentee the accuracy of results. Please do consult with other sources as well.