Why Node Voltage Analysis Matters
Node voltage analysis is a direct method for solving linear circuits. It focuses on unknown node potentials measured from a chosen reference node. This view is useful when many branches share common points. It also reduces repeated loop equations. Students use it for homework. Technicians use it for checks. Designers use it before simulation.
What This Calculator Does
This calculator builds a conductance matrix from the values you enter. Each resistor to ground adds conductance to one node. Each resistor between two nodes adds conductance to both connected nodes. It also adds negative mutual conductance between those two nodes. Current sources are entered as injected current into a node. A negative value means the source leaves that node.
Advanced Circuit Review
The tool solves up to four unknown node voltages. It accepts ohm, kiloohm, and megaohm resistor units. It accepts ampere, milliampere, and microampere current units. The result includes the admittance matrix, voltage list, ground currents, branch currents, and estimated power. These details help you confirm signs and directions.
Practical Use Cases
Use this page for resistive networks, current-source models, bias circuits, sensor dividers, load sharing, and training examples. It is best for linear DC circuits where every unknown node connects through resistors or current sources. Voltage sources between unknown nodes need supernode handling. For those cases, convert sources when possible or check with a circuit simulator.
Accuracy Notes
Input values should be positive for resistors. Leave unused branches blank. Use a very large resistance for an almost open branch. Use consistent signs for current sources. The matrix must be solvable. If a node floats with no path to reference, the calculator will warn you.
Report Options
After solving, export the results as a CSV file. You can also create a PDF report from the displayed result. The example table shows common circuit data. Compare it with your own entries to learn the expected format. This workflow gives a clear audit trail for class notes, maintenance records, and design reviews. It also helps teams share circuit assumptions quickly. Saved reports make troubleshooting easier when values change, because each exported line shows inputs, solved voltages, and currents for later comparison during reviews and lab work too.