Battery Degradation Calculator

Model capacity fade using cycle and calendar aging. Adjust chemistry, temperature, depth, and charging speed. See remaining capacity instantly, then export your results today.

Engineering estimator
Calculator Inputs
Enter operating and storage conditions. Use the advanced section to tune assumptions.
Used to set rated cycle life and calendar coefficient.
Capacity will be normalized internally to Ah.
Used to estimate remaining energy in Wh.
Set below 100% if the pack is already used.
Converted to days using an average month length.
Partial-use patterns can be reflected with DoD.
Used to calculate equivalent full cycles (EFC).
Both cycling and calendar aging accelerate with heat.
1C means full charge/discharge in about one hour.
Higher fast charging increases cycle stress.
Higher stored SoC tends to increase calendar aging.
Common engineering thresholds are 70-85% SoH.

Reset
Rated cycle life is assumed at this DoD.
Baseline for temperature multipliers.
Typically about 20% capacity loss at rated life.
Higher values penalize high EFC more strongly.
Multiplier per +10C for cycling stress.
Multiplier per +10C for calendar fade.
Controls sensitivity of cycle loss to DoD.
Above 0.5C, stress increases linearly.
Scales the penalty of fast charging share.
Adjust calendar fade aggressiveness globally.

Advanced inputs tune the estimator. For strict validation, match your cell vendor data and lab tests.
Formula used

This estimator combines cycle aging and calendar aging. It uses equivalent full cycles (EFC) and a square-root time fade term.

EFC = (Cycles per day × Days) × (DoD / 100)
EFC_ref = RatedCycles × (DoD_ref / 100)

CycleLoss = LossAtRated × (EFC / EFC_ref)^b × f(T) × f(DoD) × f(C-rate) × f(FastCharge)
CalendarLoss = k_cal × √(Years) × g(T) × g(SoC)

TotalLoss = 1 − (1 − CycleLoss) × (1 − CalendarLoss)
SoH = StartSoH × (1 − TotalLoss)
  • f(T), g(T) use a Q10 approach: multiplier per +10C versus a reference temperature.
  • g(SoC) increases calendar fade at higher storage state of charge.
  • Losses are combined multiplicatively to reduce double-counting.
Engineering note: these relationships approximate common trends. Always validate against your specific cell chemistry, pack design, and duty cycle.
How to use this calculator
  1. Select the chemistry that best matches your cell type.
  2. Enter nominal capacity and voltage from your datasheet.
  3. Set months in service, cycles per day, and average DoD.
  4. Add average temperature, C-rate, fast-charge share, and storage SoC.
  5. Submit to view SoH, losses, stress multipliers, and EOL projection.
  6. Use Download CSV or PDF to export a report for records.
Tip: if you have field telemetry, compute DoD and cycles per day from logged charge throughput for a tighter estimate.
Example data table
Sample scenarios for quick reference and testing.
Scenario Chemistry Temp (C) DoD (%) Cycles/day Storage SoC (%) Months Expected SoH trend
Warehouse backup LFP 22 30 0.1 50 24 Slow fade, calendar-dominant
E-bike commuter NMC 30 75 1.0 70 18 Moderate fade, cycle-dominant
High-speed charging NCA 35 80 1.2 80 12 Faster fade, higher stress
Heat-exposed device LCO 45 60 0.8 90 10 Calendar accelerates strongly
Lead-acid UPS Pb 28 50 0.2 100 36 Calendar plus float stress

Inputs that drive equivalent full cycles

EFC converts partial cycling into a comparable throughput measure. A device running 1.0 cycle/day at 70% depth equals about 0.70 EFC/day. Over 12 months (about 365 days) that is roughly 256 EFC. Compare this with rated cycle life that is usually quoted near 80% SoH at a reference depth. If your average depth is lower, the same number of trips can produce less total throughput. For fleet logs, compute depth from discharged amp-hours divided by nominal capacity daily.

Temperature acceleration and the Q10 method

Heat is one of the strongest accelerators for both cycling and storage fade. With Q10 set to 2.0, moving from 25C to 35C doubles the rate; 45C is about 4×. At 32C the multiplier is roughly 2^0.7 ≈ 1.62. Cooling from 35C to 28C cuts the multiplier to about 2^0.3 ≈ 1.23, which often matters more than small changes in usage.

Depth of discharge and charge-rate stress

Higher depth increases mechanical and chemical strain. The DoD exponent controls sensitivity: with alpha 0.35, changing from 50% to 90% DoD shifts the DoD factor from (50/80)^0.35 ≈ 0.85 to (90/80)^0.35 ≈ 1.04. C-rate affects polarization and heat; above 0.5C the model applies a linear penalty, so 1.5C can add noticeable stress even if total EFC stays constant.

Calendar aging, storage state of charge, and time

Calendar loss uses a square-root time trend, reflecting faster early loss that slows later. Two years does not double one year; √2 is only 1.41×. Storage SoC matters: holding 90% SoC typically ages faster than 50–60% SoC. For seasonal equipment, lowering storage SoC and temperature can reduce fade while keeping the same duty cycle during active months.

Interpreting SoH, EOL date, and risk index

SoH is remaining usable capacity relative to nominal capacity. Many designs treat 80% SoH as end of first life, while performance-critical systems may choose 85% or 90% to protect range and power. The projected date assumes future conditions match your inputs and uses a search to find when SoH crosses your threshold. The risk index blends temperature, storage SoC, C-rate, DoD, fast-charge share, and current SoH into a 0–100 scale for scenario comparison.

FAQs

What is SoH and how is it different from SoC?

SoH estimates remaining capacity versus nominal capacity. SoC is the current charge level at a moment in time. A battery can be 80% SoH and still reach 100% SoC after charging.

Why does the calculator use EFC instead of raw cycles?

EFC normalizes partial cycling. Two 50% cycles move about the same charge as one 100% cycle, so EFC better represents throughput stress when usage depth changes from day to day.

How should I estimate cycles per day for irregular use?

Use logged charge throughput. Sum discharged amp-hours (or watt-hours) per day and divide by nominal capacity (or energy). That yields an effective cycles/day even when trips, loads, and depths vary.

Does fast charging always reduce life?

Not always, but higher charge power can raise temperature and accelerate side reactions. If fast charging is well managed with cooling and conservative voltage limits, the penalty can be smaller than in hot, high-SoC charging.

What end-of-life threshold should I choose?

Common engineering thresholds are 80% SoH for general use and 85–90% when range, power, or safety margins are tight. Choose a threshold that matches your performance requirements and maintenance plan.

Can I calibrate the model to my cell datasheet?

Yes. Set chemistry close to your cell, then tune the advanced assumptions so the estimator matches vendor curves at reference temperature, depth, and cycles. Keep changes modest and validate with at least two operating points.

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Important Note: All the Calculators listed in this site are for educational purpose only and we do not guarentee the accuracy of results. Please do consult with other sources as well.