Model Joule and reversible heating for battery cells. Analyze temperature rise across flexible operating conditions. Get faster thermal insights for safer energy system decisions.
This page uses a stacked page layout, while the input grid follows your requested three-column, two-column, and single-column responsive behavior.
| Variable | Example Value | Unit | Purpose |
|---|---|---|---|
| Operating Mode | Discharge | - | Defines reversible heat sign convention. |
| Current | 45 | A | Sets electrical loading on each cell. |
| Internal Resistance | 2.8 | mΩ | Determines Joule heating magnitude. |
| Entropic Coefficient | 0.045 | mV/K | Captures reversible thermal behavior. |
| Cell Count | 96 | cells | Scales single-cell heat to pack level. |
| Cell Mass | 68 | g | Used in transient temperature estimation. |
| Specific Heat | 950 | J/kg·K | Converts heat energy to temperature rise. |
| Thermal Conductance | 0.55 | W/K | Represents cooling to ambient surroundings. |
1) Joule heating per cell
Q̇_joule = I² × R
2) Reversible heating per cell
Q̇_rev = s × I × T × (dUoc/dT)
Here, s = +1 for charge and s = -1 for discharge. This page uses that sign convention consistently.
3) Total heat per cell
Q̇_total = Q̇_joule + Q̇_rev
4) Pack total heat rate
Q̇_pack = N × Q̇_total
5) Heat energy over the selected duration
E = Q̇ × t
6) Adiabatic temperature rise
ΔT_adiabatic = E / (m × Cp)
7) Final temperature with cooling
T(t) = Tamb + Q̇/G + (T0 - Tamb - Q̇/G)e^(-(G×t)/(m×Cp))
This combined approach gives fast engineering estimates for electrical losses, entropy effects, pack heat generation, and simple thermal response.
Enter whether the battery is charging or discharging.
Provide operating current, internal resistance, and entropic coefficient.
Add cell count to scale results from cell to pack level.
Enter cell mass and specific heat to estimate thermal rise.
Set initial temperature, ambient temperature, and duration.
Use thermal conductance for a simple cooling-to-ambient estimate.
Click the calculate button to display results above the form.
Use the CSV and PDF buttons to export calculated outputs.
It estimates Joule heating, reversible heating, total cell heat, pack heat rate, heat energy over time, adiabatic temperature rise, and a simple cooled final temperature.
Reversible heat depends on entropy behavior and current direction. A negative value means the electrochemical process absorbs heat, which can partially offset resistive heating.
Adiabatic temperature rise assumes no heat escapes. The cooled result includes heat transfer to ambient through the entered thermal conductance, giving a more realistic engineering estimate.
Use the effective internal resistance for one cell at the expected temperature, state of charge, and current level. Resistance often changes with operating conditions.
Yes. The calculator first evaluates one cell, then multiplies by the number of cells to estimate pack-level heat rate and pack-level heat energy.
Thermal conductance represents how easily heat leaves a cell to the surroundings. Larger values indicate stronger cooling and lower final predicted temperatures.
No. It is a fast engineering approximation. Detailed pack design still benefits from measured parameters, spatial thermal models, and validated electrochemical data.
C-rate quickly shows how aggressive the operating current is relative to cell capacity. Higher C-rates usually increase losses, temperature rise, and thermal management demands.
Important Note: All the Calculators listed in this site are for educational purpose only and we do not guarentee the accuracy of results. Please do consult with other sources as well.