Luminous Intensity Calculator

Measure light strength using practical engineering formulas. Switch between flux, illuminance, angle, and distance modes. View exports, examples, and graphs for faster lighting evaluation.

Calculator Inputs

Plotly Graph

The graph shows predicted illuminance change with distance using the calculated or entered luminous intensity and incidence angle.

Example Data Table

Case Flux (lm) Beam Angle (deg) Distance (m) Incidence Angle (deg) Intensity (cd) Illuminance (lux)
Spotlight A 1200 30 1 0 5605.05 5605.05
Floodlight B 2400 60 2 0 2853.86 713.47
Test Bench C 2 20 2128.36 500.00
Display LED D 3 15 1000.00 107.29

Formula Used

1. Luminous intensity from flux and solid angle
I = Φ / Ω

2. Solid angle of a conical beam
Ω = 2π(1 - cos(θ / 2))

3. Illuminance from intensity, distance, and angle
E = (I × cos α) / r²

4. Intensity from illuminance, distance, and angle
I = (E × r²) / cos α

Where

How to Use This Calculator

  1. Select the calculation mode that matches your known data.
  2. Enter luminous flux, intensity, illuminance, beam angle, distance, or solid angle as needed.
  3. Set the chart maximum distance for the illuminance trend graph.
  4. Press Calculate to show results above the form.
  5. Review the graph, compare the example table, and download CSV or PDF when needed.

Frequently Asked Questions

1. What does luminous intensity measure?

Luminous intensity measures visible light emitted in a specific direction. It uses candela and helps compare how concentrated a lamp, LED, or optical beam appears along its main axis.

2. How is candela different from lumens?

Lumens describe total visible light output. Candela describes directional strength. A source can have the same lumen value as another source but much higher candela when its light is concentrated into a narrow beam.

3. Why does beam angle affect luminous intensity?

Beam angle changes how the same luminous flux spreads through space. Narrow beams use smaller solid angles, so intensity rises. Wide beams spread light more broadly, reducing candela.

4. Why does illuminance drop with distance?

Illuminance follows the inverse square relationship for point-like sources. When distance doubles, the same directional light spreads over four times the area, so lux falls to one quarter.

5. What is the role of incidence angle?

Incidence angle adjusts illuminance through the cosine factor. As the surface tilts away from the beam, the same light covers a larger apparent area, lowering measured lux.

6. When should I use solid angle instead of beam angle?

Use solid angle when optical data already comes from photometric files, narrow-beam calculations, or measured angular distributions. Use beam angle when a conical approximation is acceptable and easier to interpret.

7. Is this calculator suitable for all luminaires?

It works best for point-source or simplified directional models. Complex fixtures with asymmetric optics, multiple emitters, or reflector losses may need full photometric files and more detailed lighting software.

8. Can I use the exported report for design notes?

Yes. The CSV is useful for spreadsheets and documentation. The PDF output gives a quick summary for design reviews, technical notes, classroom work, and internal engineering comparisons.

Related Calculators

luminous fluxbeam quality m2illuminance luxquarter wave plateetendue calculatoroptical power dioptersoptical throughputpolarization ratiooptical coating thicknessastigmatism calculator

Important Note: All the Calculators listed in this site are for educational purpose only and we do not guarentee the accuracy of results. Please do consult with other sources as well.