AIC and BIC Calculator Within Mplus

Calculate AIC and BIC from model output values. Compare candidates with penalties and evidence weights. Choose stronger Mplus models using clear information criteria today.

Enter Mplus Model Values

Formula Used

AIC = -2LL + 2k

BIC = -2LL + k ln(n)

Adjusted BIC = -2LL + k ln((n + 2) / 24)

AICc = AIC + (2k(k + 1)) / (n - k - 1)

LL is the Mplus loglikelihood value. k is free parameters. n is sample size.

How to Use This Calculator

  1. Open your Mplus output file.
  2. Find the H0 loglikelihood value.
  3. Enter the number of free parameters.
  4. Enter the final sample size used by the model.
  5. Add a comparison model when needed.
  6. Press calculate and review lower AIC or BIC values.
  7. Download the CSV or PDF report for records.

Example Data Table

Model LL k n AIC BIC Adjusted BIC
Three Factor Model -1250.85 32 640 2565.700 2708.467 2606.869
Two Factor Model -1266.40 24 640 2580.800 2687.875 2611.677
Bifactor Model -1220.40 42 640 2524.800 2712.182 2578.834

AIC and BIC in Mplus Workflows

Information criteria help compare fitted models. They are useful when models use the same data set. They also help when a strict likelihood ratio test is not suitable. In Mplus, users often review the loglikelihood, free parameters, sample size, AIC, BIC, and adjusted BIC. This calculator recreates those values from the reported output. It also compares two candidate models.

Why the Values Matter

AIC rewards fit but adds a lighter penalty for complexity. BIC adds a stronger penalty because it uses sample size. A lower value usually points to the preferred model. The result is not a proof of truth. It is a practical model selection signal. Use it with theory, residual checks, convergence status, and parameter meaning.

Using Mplus Output

Find the H0 loglikelihood value in the output. Then note the number of free parameters. Also confirm the number of observations used by the estimator. Enter those values exactly. Negative loglikelihood values are common. Do not remove the minus sign. If you compare two models, both should be estimated on the same cases. Otherwise, the comparison can be misleading.

Reading the Result

The page calculates AIC, BIC, adjusted BIC, and optional AICc. It also gives delta values. A delta near zero marks the best model in that criterion. Larger deltas show weaker support. Evidence weights give an easier comparison. They convert criterion differences into relative support scores. They are approximate, not absolute probabilities.

Good Practice

Always keep a record of model names. Save the estimator, sample size, and parameter count. Check warnings before trusting a final number. If Mplus reports a different value, inspect the input values first. Rounding, missing data handling, mixture settings, or alternative likelihood corrections can explain differences. This calculator is best for transparent checks, teaching, and fast reporting. It should not replace full statistical judgment. It helps reviewers see how each penalty changes the final model ranking. For publication, report the exact Mplus output and explain why the selected model is theoretically reasonable. When several models are close, describe the tradeoff rather than claiming one perfect answer. Small differences should be interpreted carefully. When sample sizes are large, BIC may favor simpler models more strongly than AIC does overall.

FAQs

What Mplus value should I enter for loglikelihood?

Use the H0 loglikelihood value reported in the model fit section. Keep the sign exactly as shown. Many values are negative.

What does k mean in the formula?

k means the number of free parameters estimated by the model. Use the value reported by Mplus for that exact model.

Is a lower AIC always better?

A lower AIC is preferred among compared models. However, the models should use the same data and be checked for convergence and theory.

Why can AIC and BIC select different models?

AIC uses a lighter complexity penalty. BIC uses sample size in its penalty. Larger samples often make BIC favor simpler models.

Can I compare non-nested Mplus models?

Yes, information criteria are often used for non-nested comparisons. Use the same outcome variables, estimator approach, and sample basis.

What is adjusted BIC?

Adjusted BIC is a sample-size adjusted version of BIC. It is commonly reviewed in latent class and mixture modeling workflows.

Why is AICc sometimes unavailable?

AICc requires n minus k minus one to be greater than zero. If that condition fails, the correction cannot be computed safely.

Should I report calculator results in a paper?

Report the official Mplus output first. Use calculator results for checking, teaching, and transparent comparison notes.

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