Calculator
Enter a key and chord. The tool returns a Roman numeral, function, scale degree, tones, and export-ready report.
Analysis Chart
The graph compares root distance, scale degree, accidental offset, and inversion depth.
Example Data Table
| Key | Chord | Quality | Inversion | Common Result | Use Case |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C Major | G | Dominant seventh | Root | V7 | Strong dominant pull |
| C Major | D | Minor triad | First | ii6 | Predominant motion |
| A Minor | G# | Diminished triad | Root | #vii° | Raised leading-tone color |
| F Major | Bb | Major triad | Second | IV64 | Subdominant expansion |
Formula Used
Major chords use uppercase numerals. Minor and diminished chords use lowercase numerals. Diminished chords add °. Half-diminished sevenths add ø7. Augmented chords add +. Inversions use common figured-bass marks such as 6, 64, 65, 43, and 42.
How to Use This Calculator
- Select the key tonic, such as C, F#, or Bb.
- Choose the mode. Major and three minor forms are included.
- Select the chord root and chord quality.
- Choose the inversion that matches the bass note.
- Add a secondary target when the chord acts as an applied harmony.
- Press Analyze Chord to view the result above the form.
- Use CSV or PDF export for worksheets, lessons, or reports.
Understanding Roman Numeral Analysis
Roman numeral analysis turns chord names into harmonic meaning. Instead of seeing only C, G, or Am, you see each chord inside a key. That view helps musicians hear direction, tension, release, and structure. A numeral shows scale degree. Letter case shows quality. A figure shows inversion. Accidentals show chromatic color.
Why It Matters
This method is useful for songs, hymns, film cues, jazz sketches, and classical exercises. It gives a shared language for progressions. A guitarist can transpose faster. A pianist can understand voice leading. A producer can compare hooks in different keys. A student can check whether a chord belongs to the chosen scale.
How This Tool Helps
The calculator accepts a key, mode, chord root, chord quality, and inversion. It then estimates the scale degree and builds the Roman label. It also lists likely chord tones. The result includes harmonic function, diatonic status, semitone distance, and a practical explanation. These details help you spot tonic, predominant, and dominant movement.
Using Advanced Options
Choose a secondary target when a chord acts as an applied harmony. For example, a D major chord in C major may function as V of V. The calculator can append that target to the label. Select flat or sharp note names to match your score. Use the chart to compare root distance and scale degree visually.
Best Study Workflow
Start with simple triads. Enter I, IV, and V type chords first. Then add sevenths, diminished chords, and borrowed colors. Compare the output with your ear. A correct label should match both the written chord and the musical pull. Export the report when you want notes for lessons, assignments, or practice logs.
Common Mistakes
Do not label every major chord with uppercase only. First find the scale degree. Then test the quality. Watch enharmonic spellings, because Gb and F# can point to different ideas on a staff. Also check inversion carefully. A first inversion tonic can feel softer than root position. A seventh chord in third inversion often wants stepwise bass motion. Use the explanation as a guide, not as a final theory authority. Context and listening still matter in analysis.
FAQs
What is Roman numeral analysis?
Roman numeral analysis labels chords by their scale degree inside a key. It shows chord function, quality, inversion, and chromatic changes.
Why are some numerals uppercase?
Uppercase numerals usually show major or augmented chords. Lowercase numerals usually show minor or diminished chords.
What does the 6 or 64 mean?
Those marks show inversion. A 6 means first inversion. A 64 means second inversion for a triad.
What does V7 mean?
V7 means a dominant seventh chord built on the fifth scale degree. It often resolves strongly toward tonic.
What does a flat before a numeral mean?
A flat before a numeral means the chord root is lowered from the normal scale degree in the chosen key.
Can this analyze minor keys?
Yes. The calculator supports natural minor, harmonic minor, and melodic minor patterns for flexible minor-key analysis.
What is a secondary target?
A secondary target shows applied harmony. For example, V/V means the chord acts as the dominant of the dominant.
Is the result always final?
No. Harmony depends on context, melody, bass motion, and phrase structure. Use the result as a strong guide.