Trig Function Transformations Calculator

Transform sine, cosine, tangent, and reciprocal curves easily. See amplitude, phase shift, period, and outputs. Download tables for study, teaching, and graph review today.

Calculator

Example Data Table

Function A B C D Unit Example meaning
sin 2 1 30 1 degrees Amplitude 2, right shift 30, up 1
cos -3 2 0 0 degrees Reflected curve with period 180 degrees
tan 1 0.5 45 -2 degrees Wider tangent curve shifted right and down
sec 2 1 0 3 radians Reciprocal cosine curve moved upward

Formula Used

The calculator uses this general transformation model:

y = A f(B(x - C)) + D

A controls vertical stretch, compression, and reflection.

B controls the period. New period equals base period divided by |B|.

C controls horizontal phase shift.

D controls vertical shift and midline.

For sine, cosine, secant, and cosecant, the base period is 360 degrees or 2π radians.

For tangent and cotangent, the base period is 180 degrees or π radians.

How to Use This Calculator

Select the trig function first. Choose degrees or radians next. Enter A, B, C, and D for the transformed equation. Add a single x value for direct evaluation. Then enter a table start, end, and step. Press Calculate to see the result above the form. Use CSV or PDF for saving the output.

Understanding Trig Transformations

A trig transformation changes the shape or position of a basic sine, cosine, tangent, cotangent, secant, or cosecant curve. The common model is y = A f(B(x - C)) + D. Each letter controls a different movement. The calculator separates those controls, so the pattern is easier to inspect.

Why the Parameters Matter

The value A creates a vertical stretch or compression. It also reflects the curve across its midline when it is negative. For sine and cosine, the absolute value of A is the amplitude. The value B changes the horizontal scale. A larger absolute B makes the cycle shorter. A smaller absolute B makes it longer. The value C moves the graph left or right. The value D moves the graph up or down.

Reading the Results

The transformed period is found from the base period divided by the absolute value of B. Sine, cosine, secant, and cosecant use a full cycle of 360 degrees, or 2π radians. Tangent and cotangent use 180 degrees, or π radians. The midline is y = D. The range is shown when the function has a bounded or reciprocal pattern.

Advanced Use Cases

Students can use the table to compare input angles with transformed outputs. Teachers can build worksheets from the exported data. Engineers can test cyclic models before graphing. The CSV option helps with spreadsheets. The PDF option gives a quick printable summary.

Good Input Habits

Use degrees when your class or project uses degree measures. Use radians when working with calculus, wave models, or unit circle expressions. Keep the step value positive. Choose a range that covers one or two periods for a clear table. When a function is undefined, the table marks the output instead of forcing a rounded number.

Graphing Notes

After calculating, draw the midline first. Then mark one period using the period value. Apply the phase shift next. Plot the table values only after those guide marks are clear. This method reduces mistakes and shows how each parameter changes the parent function.

Limitations to Remember

Numerical tables are samples, not complete proofs. Check asymptotes, intercepts, and domain rules separately. Use graphing software when a final diagram needs exact labels or smooth curves. Review exact points.

FAQs

What does A do in a trig transformation?

A changes the vertical scale. For sine and cosine, |A| is the amplitude. If A is negative, the curve reflects across its midline.

What does B do in the equation?

B changes the horizontal scale. The new period equals the parent period divided by |B|. A larger |B| creates a shorter cycle.

What is phase shift?

Phase shift is the horizontal movement of the graph. In y = A f(B(x - C)) + D, the graph shifts by C units.

What does D represent?

D is the vertical shift. It moves the graph upward or downward. For sine and cosine, it also gives the midline y = D.

Why does the calculator show undefined values?

Some trig functions have vertical asymptotes. Tangent, cotangent, secant, and cosecant can be undefined at certain input angles.

Should I use degrees or radians?

Use degrees for school geometry or angle tables. Use radians for calculus, wave modeling, and most advanced math work.

Can I export the result?

Yes. Use the CSV button for spreadsheet work. Use the PDF button for a simple printable summary and table preview.

Does this calculator draw the graph?

No. It gives transformed properties and table values. You can use those values to draw or verify a graph.

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