Modular Multiplicative Inverse Calculator

Explore modular inverses with steps, instant validation, guided hints, clarity everywhere. Support complex inputs, coprime checks, Bezout coefficients, negative normalization, error alerts built-in. Download structured results, analyze examples, and quickly master concepts for challenging exams. Ideal for coders, researchers, teachers, and curious problem solvers.

Input Parameters

Any integer allowed. It is normalized modulo m before computation.
Inverse exists only if gcd(a, m) = 1 (coprime condition).
Quickly compute inverses for multiple pairs. Use "a,m" or "a m" per line.

Result and Analysis

Enter values for a and m, optionally enable batch processing or table generation, then press Calculate Inverse to see detailed steps, verification, multiple results, and exportable tables.

Exportable Results Summary

# Source a m a mod m gcd(a, m) Inverse (0 ≤ x < m) Raw x (EEA) Verification (a·x mod m) Notes
1 Example 3 11 3 1 4 -7 (3 × 4) mod 11 = 1 Example: 4 is inverse of 3 modulo 11.

Example Data Table: Common Modular Inverses

Use this table as a reference for typical modular inverse problems.

a m Inverse x (0 ≤ x < m) Check (a·x mod m)
3 7 5 (3 × 5) mod 7 = 1
5 11 9 (5 × 9) mod 11 = 1
7 26 15 (7 × 15) mod 26 = 1
17 43 38 (17 × 38) mod 43 = 1

Example: Using This Modular Multiplicative Inverse Calculator

Suppose you want the modular inverse of a = 17 modulo m = 43.

  1. Enter 17 in the Number (a) field and 43 in the Modulus (m) field.
  2. Leave method as Auto and keep Show Steps enabled.
  3. Click Calculate Inverse. The tool normalizes 17 modulo 43 (still 17).
  4. The Extended Euclidean Algorithm finds integers x and y such that 17·x + 43·y = 1. One solution is x = -5, y = 2.
  5. Reducing x modulo 43 gives the inverse: -5 mod 43 = 38, so 38 is the modular inverse of 17 modulo 43.
  6. The verification line confirms: (17 × 38) mod 43 = 646 mod 43 = 1, so the result is correct.
  7. This same workflow applies to any valid pair (a, m); batch mode and inverse tables extend it to many values efficiently.

Formula Used for Modular Multiplicative Inverse

For integers a and m with gcd(a, m) = 1, the modular multiplicative inverse of a modulo m is an integer x such that:

a · x ≡ 1 (mod m)

Using the Extended Euclidean Algorithm, we find integers x and y satisfying a·x + m·y = gcd(a, m) = 1. The value of x, reduced into the range 0 ≤ x < m, is the modular inverse of a modulo m.

For prime moduli, Fermat's little theorem provides an alternative: a^(m-2) mod m gives the inverse when a and m are coprime.

How to Use This Modular Multiplicative Inverse Calculator

  1. Enter your integer a (positive or negative).
  2. Enter your modulus m (integer greater than 1) or pick a preset.
  3. Choose a method preference: Extended Euclidean only, auto, or Fermat-focused.
  4. Decide if you want detailed steps and whether to show the underlying coefficient from the algorithm.
  5. Optionally paste multiple pairs into Batch Mode to compute several inverses at once.
  6. Optionally enable the Inverse Table to list all invertible residues for the chosen modulus (within size limits).
  7. Click Calculate Inverse to generate the main result, batch outputs, and optional table.
  8. Export everything through the Download CSV or Download PDF buttons for documentation, verification, or teaching materials.

If gcd(a, m) ≠ 1, the tool clearly reports that no modular inverse exists and helps you spot which inputs must be adjusted.

Key Features of This Modular Inverse Calculator

This calculator combines the Extended Euclidean Algorithm, optional Fermat-based verification, batch processing, quick modulus presets, and inverse table generation into one interface. It highlights coprime checks, normalization, and verification so learners and professionals can trust every displayed result.

Use Cases in Cryptography and Competitive Programming

Modular inverses are essential in RSA key operations, Chinese Remainder Theorem applications, affine ciphers, linear congruence solving, fraction handling under modulus, and modular combinatorics. Presets like 1,000,000,007 and 998,244,353 target real contest and library scenarios.

Understanding When No Modular Inverse Exists

The tool automatically checks gcd(a, m). If the gcd is greater than 1, it flags the failure, explains the cause, and encourages selecting values where a and m are coprime to make the modular inverse possible.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is a modular multiplicative inverse?

A modular multiplicative inverse of a modulo m is a value x such that a·x ≡ 1 (mod m). This calculator finds x when it exists, with normalization and verification.

Why does the modular inverse sometimes not exist?

An inverse does not exist when gcd(a, m) ≠ 1. In that case, a and m share a common factor, so no integer x can satisfy a·x ≡ 1 (mod m).

Can this calculator handle negative or very large numbers?

Yes. The tool accepts negative values and large integers. It normalizes inputs into the correct residue class and uses efficient algorithms suitable for contests, cryptography, and advanced coursework.

When should I use Fermat’s method instead of the Extended Euclidean Algorithm?

Use the Extended Euclidean Algorithm for all moduli. Fermat’s method applies only when m is prime and a is not divisible by m. Auto mode safely combines both when appropriate.

How does this tool help with learning and teaching?

It visualizes steps, confirms results, supports batch problems, and generates tables. This structure helps students, teachers, and developers understand modular arithmetic instead of trusting black-box outputs.

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Important Note: All the Calculators listed in this site are for educational purpose only and we do not guarentee the accuracy of results. Please do consult with other sources as well.