Partial Fraction Decomposition of Integral Calculator

Break rational integral problems into clear partial fraction steps. Review coefficients, constants, signs, and checks. Export neat steps for homework, checking, or teaching work.

Calculator Inputs

Example: 2 5 7 4 means 2x^3 + 5x^2 + 7x + 4.
Linear: L,a,b,power. Quadratic: Q,a,b,c,power.

Example Data Table

Case Numerator Coefficients Factor Lines Expected Use
Repeated linear 2 5 7 4 L,1,-1,1
L,1,2,2
Tests A/(x-1), B/(x+2), and C/(x+2)^2.
Linear plus quadratic 3 0 2 1 L,1,-2,1
Q,1,0,1,1
Uses a linear numerator over the quadratic factor.
Improper rational form 1 4 6 4 1 L,1,1,2
L,1,-1,1
Shows polynomial division before decomposition.

Formula Used

For a proper rational function, the calculator matches this pattern:

P(x)/Q(x) = sum A/(ax+b)^k + sum (Bx+C)/(ax^2+bx+c)^k

It multiplies all terms by Q(x). Then it compares equal powers of x. The coefficient system is solved by elimination.

Linear factor integrals use:

∫ A/(ax+b) dx = (A/a) ln|ax+b|

∫ A/(ax+b)^k dx = A(ax+b)^(1-k)/(a(1-k)), k > 1

Quadratic terms use a derivative split. Write Bx+C = alpha(2ax+b)+beta. Then integrate the derivative part and the remaining base integral.

I_k = (2ax+b)/((k-1)(4ac-b^2)q^(k-1)) + 2a(2k-3)I_(k-1)/((k-1)(4ac-b^2))

How to Use This Calculator

  1. Enter numerator coefficients from highest degree to constant term.
  2. Enter each denominator factor on a new line.
  3. Use L for linear factors and Q for quadratic factors.
  4. Set precision and an optional checking value for x.
  5. Press the calculate button. The result appears above the form.
  6. Download CSV or PDF when you need a copy.

Why Partial Fractions Help Integral Work

Partial fraction decomposition turns one difficult rational integral into several easier terms. The method works when the integrand is a polynomial divided by another polynomial. First, the expression is made proper. That means the numerator degree must be lower than the denominator degree. When it is not proper, polynomial division creates a quotient and a smaller remainder.

Clear Structure For Rational Functions

The denominator is then written as factors. Linear factors create constant numerators. Repeated linear factors create one term for every power. Quadratic factors use linear numerators. Repeated quadratic factors also need one numerator for every power. This structure gives enough unknown values to match the remainder exactly.

How The Calculator Solves Coefficients

The tool builds a common denominator from your factor list. It multiplies each unknown term by the missing part of that denominator. Then it compares matching powers of x. This creates a system of linear equations. Gaussian elimination solves those equations. The resulting constants complete the decomposition.

Integral Output And Checks

After the partial fractions are found, each term is integrated. Linear first power terms become logarithms. Higher repeated linear powers become negative powers. Quadratic terms are split into a derivative part and a remaining base integral. The calculator also compares the original value and decomposed value at a chosen x. This check helps catch factor entry mistakes.

Practical Study Use

This page is useful for homework checking, lesson writing, and exam review. It does not replace algebra practice. Instead, it shows the coefficient structure and the integration path. Use simple examples first. Then try repeated factors and quadratic factors. Always confirm that your denominator factors match the original expression. A clean factor list produces the best result.

Reading The Result

Read the answer from left to right. The quotient part appears first when division was needed. The fraction terms follow by factor and power. The antiderivative line adds the constant of integration at the end. Export the table when you need a record for notes, worksheets, or reports. The CSV file keeps coefficient data. The document export preserves the main expression, decomposition, integral, and check values. These details make later review easier and reduce small copying errors during practice.

FAQs

What does this calculator decompose?

It decomposes rational functions into partial fractions. It also shows integral contributions for each term.

Can I use repeated factors?

Yes. Enter the factor power. The calculator creates one fraction term for every repeated power.

How do I enter a linear factor?

Use L,a,b,power. For example, L,1,-3,2 means (x - 3)^2.

How do I enter a quadratic factor?

Use Q,a,b,c,power. For example, Q,1,0,1,1 means x^2 + 1.

What happens with an improper fraction?

The calculator performs polynomial division first. It then decomposes the proper remainder over the denominator.

Why is my result undefined at the check value?

The selected x value may make the denominator zero. Choose a value outside the roots of the denominator.

Does it show the integration constant?

Yes. You can enter your preferred constant label. The default label is C.

Can I export the solution?

Yes. Use the CSV button for coefficient data. Use the PDF button for a readable summary.

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