Harmonic Motion Specified Condition Calculator

Evaluate harmonic motion using flexible specified conditions. Switch frequency models, inspect energies, and plot response. Export clean results, compare examples, and learn each formula.

Calculator inputs

Choose how the oscillation rate is defined, then evaluate the specified condition.

Position uses x = x₀ + A cos(ωt + φ₀). Velocity and acceleration follow standard simple harmonic motion relations.

Example data table

This sample helps verify the calculator workflow.

Parameter Example value
Condition labelReference check
ModeFrequency based input
Amplitude A0.20 m
Mass m1.50 kg
Frequency f0.75 Hz
Initial phase φ₀20 deg
Specified time t0.60 s
Equilibrium offset x₀0.00 m
Computed ω4.712389 rad/s
Computed phase θ182.000000 deg
Displacement x-x₀-0.199878 m
Velocity v0.032892 m/s
Acceleration a4.438616 m/s²
Restoring force F6.657925 N
Total energy E0.666198 J

Formula used

x(t) = x₀ + A cos(ωt + φ₀)
v(t) = -Aω sin(ωt + φ₀)
a(t) = -ω²[x(t) - x₀]
F(t) = ma(t)
ω = 2πf = 2π / T = √(k/m)
E = ½mω²A²,   Eₚ = ½mω²[x(t) - x₀]²,   Eₖ = ½mv²

Meaning of symbols: A is amplitude, x₀ is equilibrium offset, φ₀ is initial phase, ω is angular frequency, f is frequency, T is period, k is spring constant, and m is mass.

Specified condition idea: The calculator evaluates the motion state at one chosen instant. That instant is the entered time t.

How to use this calculator

  1. Enter a label for the condition you want tested.
  2. Select how the oscillation rate is known.
  3. Enter amplitude, mass, initial phase, and specified time.
  4. Provide offset only if equilibrium is not zero.
  5. Submit the form to generate the result block.
  6. Review displacement, velocity, acceleration, force, and energy values.
  7. Inspect the Plotly graph for motion behavior over time.
  8. Export the results as CSV or PDF when needed.

Frequently asked questions

1) What does specified condition mean here?

It means the calculator evaluates motion at a chosen instant. Enter the time value, and it computes the phase, displacement, velocity, acceleration, force, and energies for that exact condition.

2) Can I use frequency, period, or spring constant?

Yes. The input mode lets you define the oscillation rate from angular frequency, ordinary frequency, period, or spring constant with mass. The page converts everything into angular frequency automatically.

3) Why is mass required?

Mass is needed for restoring force and energy calculations. Position and velocity depend on amplitude and frequency, but force and energies depend on the system mass too.

4) What is equilibrium offset?

Offset shifts the center position of the oscillation. If your motion oscillates around zero, keep it at zero. If the center is elsewhere, enter that value.

5) Does this page support negative phase angles?

Yes. Negative phase values are valid. They simply shift the starting point of the cosine wave backward relative to the chosen reference.

6) Why does velocity become zero sometimes?

Velocity becomes zero at turning points. Those points occur near maximum positive or negative displacement, where the oscillator reverses direction.

7) Why does acceleration point opposite displacement?

In simple harmonic motion, acceleration is restoring. It always acts toward equilibrium, so it has the opposite sign of the displacement from equilibrium.

8) What does the graph show?

The graph plots position, velocity, and acceleration over time. It helps you compare phase shifts, peaks, zero crossings, and the relation between different motion variables.

Notes

This calculator models ideal simple harmonic motion. It does not include damping, driving force, or nonlinear stiffness.

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