Bearing Pad Thickness Calculator

Design pads confidently for beams and columns. Compare movement, rotation, and material stiffness fast here. See checks, margins, and printable reports in seconds now.

Input Parameters
Enter project values. Units are shown in each field label.
Tip: Use realistic movement and rotation demands.
Factored or service, per your standard.
Use loaded dimension along beam axis.
Use transverse loaded dimension.
Typical values depend on bearing type.
Elastomer stiffness for compression estimate.
Use support rotation under load.
Thermal, shrinkage, creep, or drift.
Common screening range: 0.5 to 1.0.
Used to estimate per-layer thickness.
Edge cover or fit-up allowance.
Reset
Example Data Table
V (kN) L (mm) W (mm) σallow (MPa) Δ (mm) θ (mrad) γallow Recommended thickness (mm)
900 300 250 10.0 6.0 5.0 0.70 ≈ 27–35
1200 350 300 12.0 8.0 6.0 0.80 ≈ 28–40
600 250 200 8.0 4.0 3.0 0.60 ≈ 20–30
Example ranges depend on detailing and project requirements. Always verify against the bearing supplier or your governing design standard.
Formula Used

Compressive stress and required area

  • A = L × W
  • σ = V / A (MPa, using N and mm²)
  • Areq = V / σallow
If σ exceeds σallow, increase plan area or reduce load.

Shear strain sizing for thickness

  • γtrans = Δ / t
  • δedge ≈ θ × (L/2)
  • γrot = δedge / t
  • γcomb = √(γtrans² + γrot²)
  • t ≥ max(Δ/γallow, δedgeallow)
The calculator sizes rubber thickness, then adds cover allowances.

Shape factor and compression stiffness estimate

  • S = (L×W) / (2(L+W)tlayer)
  • Eeff ≈ 6G(1 + 2S²)
  • ε ≈ σ / Eeff, then Δc ≈ ε × t
This stiffness model is an engineering estimate for quick checks.
How to Use This Calculator
  1. Enter the vertical load and pad plan dimensions.
  2. Set allowable compressive stress from your specification.
  3. Provide movement and rotation demands at the support.
  4. Choose an allowable shear strain for screening checks.
  5. Pick a practical number of rubber layers for manufacturing.
  6. Press Calculate and review stress and shear utilization.
  7. Download CSV or PDF to attach with design notes.
This tool supports preliminary sizing. For final design, verify long-term effects, temperature limits, bulging restraint, and detailing with the supplier and governing code.
Professional Notes

Load path and bearing demand

Bearings transfer reactions from superstructure to substructure while allowing movements. The calculator starts with vertical load and plan area to compute compressive stress in the pad. Comparing this stress to an allowable limit shows whether the selected footprint is reasonable before thickness sizing. When required area exceeds provided area, increase length or width, reduce load effects, or confirm the allowable stress from the bearing type and project specification.

Movement control through shear strain

Elastomeric pads accommodate translation by shear deformation. A target allowable shear strain provides a direct thickness requirement using t ≥ Δ/γallow, where Δ is predicted horizontal movement. Using a strain limit helps screening across rubber grades because it ties performance to deformation. Larger movements, tighter strain limits, or thin pads raise utilization and increase the risk of bulging and serviceability issues.

Rotation effects at the support

Support rotation creates differential displacement across the bearing surface. The calculator estimates edge displacement as θ·(L/2) using rotation in radians and the loaded length. That displacement produces additional shear demand, checked as γrot = δedge/t. Translation and rotation act together, so combined strain is the square root of the sum of squares. If rotation governs, increasing length without thickness can raise demand, so detailing decisions should be coordinated.

Layering, shape factor, and compression stiffness

Selecting multiple rubber layers distributes thickness and affects shape factor, S = LW / [2(L+W)tlayer]. Higher shape factor increases confinement and raises effective compression stiffness. The tool uses an engineering estimate Eeff ≈ 6G(1+2S²) to approximate compressive strain and shortening under load. This helps assess whether vertical deformation suits adjacent supports, grout beds, and leveling tolerances.

Practical detailing and reporting

Thickness recommendations include a cover allowance on each side for fit-up and durability. Use pass or fail indicators to guide iterations, then validate with governing standards, manufacturer guidance, and long-term effects such as creep, temperature, and aging. Exported CSV and PDF reports capture inputs, utilization ratios, and key intermediate values for design notes, peer review, and construction submittals. Document assumed load combinations, movement sources, and inspection conditions to keep the calculation traceable during revisions.

FAQs

Which load should I enter, factored or service?

Use the load level required by your project standard. If allowable stress is specified for service conditions, enter service reactions. If your specification uses factored resistance format, enter factored reactions and matching allowable limits.

How do I choose allowable compressive stress?

Use the value provided by your governing standard, specification, or bearing supplier for the selected pad type and temperature range. Do not assume a generic value if durability, long-term creep, or high confinement requirements apply.

What does allowable shear strain represent?

It is a deformation limit that controls how much shear distortion the pad can sustain. Lower limits increase required thickness and usually reduce bulging risk. Higher limits may be acceptable for short-term movements when detailing and material grade support it.

Why does rotation affect thickness?

Rotation creates edge displacement across the pad, producing additional shear deformation. If the rotation demand is large relative to thickness, strain can exceed the limit even when translation is small. The combined check captures both effects.

What is shape factor and why is it shown?

Shape factor reflects how confined each rubber layer is. Higher shape factor generally increases compression stiffness and reduces vertical strain. It can also raise compressive stress sensitivity, so it helps you judge whether layer thickness and plan dimensions are practical.

When should I validate with a supplier or code check?

Always validate before finalizing construction documents. Confirm long-term effects, temperature limits, manufacturing tolerances, and reinforcement details. Use the exported report to communicate assumptions and results during review and submittal.

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