Handhole Spacing Calculator

Set project inputs and get spacing quickly. Verify tension and sidewall pressure across bends today. Download clear reports that crews can trust onsite always.

Calculator inputs
Use consistent units for your project. The calculator converts internally for accuracy.
Reset
Full run between major endpoints.
Typical planning range: 0.15–0.35.
Use jacketed cable weight.
Use the cable manufacturer limit.
Limit at bends to protect jacket.
Use the tightest planned radius.
Count significant bends in a segment.
deg
Common values: 45, 90, 135.
Applies to tension and sidewall limits.
m
Planning cap if inputs are uncertain.
Checks your layout against the limits.
Example data table
Sample inputs and spacing results for quick reference.
Scenario Total run μ Cable weight Bends × angle Min radius Recommended spacing
Street lighting feeder 450 m 0.25 1.1 kg/m 2 × 90° 1.0 m ~120 m
Campus fiber pathway 900 m 0.20 0.35 kg/m 4 × 45° 0.8 m ~150 m
Industrial power duct 300 m 0.30 2.0 kg/m 1 × 90° 1.2 m ~90 m
Formula used
This calculator uses a conservative planning model for tension growth through bends.
Key relationships
W = cable mass per meter × g (N/m)
θ = number of bends × bend angle (radians)
B = exp(μ × θ)
Segment tension estimate:
T ≈ (W × μ × L) × B
Sidewall pressure at tightest bend:
SWP ≈ T / R
Maximum segment length (with safety factor SF):
L_max = min( T_allow/SF , (SWP_allow × R)/SF ) / (W × μ × B)
Notes: This is a planning tool. For critical pulls, confirm with detailed pull charts and manufacturer guidance.
How to use this calculator
  1. Enter the total run length and choose your length unit.
  2. Provide friction coefficient and cable weight per length.
  3. Set allowable pulling tension and allowable sidewall pressure.
  4. Count bends expected within a segment and their typical angles.
  5. Enter the minimum bend radius you will build to.
  6. Choose a safety factor and an upper cap for segment length.
  7. Click Calculate to get spacing and the handhole count.
  8. Optionally enter planned handholes to validate your layout.
  9. Use CSV or PDF export for submittals and field checks.

Pull planning objectives

Handhole spacing is a pull-planning control that limits mechanical stress and installation time. For long duct routes, dividing the run into shorter segments reduces peak tension and improves lubricant distribution. A practical spacing target is the maximum segment length that still stays below cable tension and bend sidewall limits with margin. Use consistent assumptions for friction, weight, and bends so crews can reproduce the plan consistently.

Spacing drivers in duct runs

Spacing depends on total length, conduit condition, and cable mass per length. Higher friction or heavier cable increases the longitudinal drag term, so allowable segment length drops. In mixed terrain, treat each segment as its own pull and keep bends, elevation changes, and tight radii concentrated near access points. When data is uncertain, apply a conservative rule cap and verify with trial pulls on representative sections.

Interpreting bend amplification

Bends amplify tension because the cable must slide against the wall while changing direction. This calculator uses an exponential factor based on the sum of bend angles and the friction coefficient. Two 90° bends are more demanding than four 45° bends when radii are similar, because local contact pressure increases near tighter curvature. Reducing bend count in a segment can often increase allowable spacing without changing cable selection.

Balancing tension and sidewall limits

Sidewall pressure is checked at the tightest bend by dividing predicted tension by bend radius. Even if straight-run tension is acceptable, a small radius can push sidewall pressure above the jacket limit. If sidewall governs, increase bend radius, add an intermediate handhole before the bend group, or change routing to spread direction changes. Always apply a safety factor to both allowable limits when setting construction spacing.

Field use and documentation

In the field, document segment lengths, bend counts, and handhole locations on a simple pull sheet. Record measured tension at the winch, lubricant quantity, and any observed binding points for future optimization. Exporting results to a file supports submittals, crew briefings, and as-built records. After installation, compare planned and observed values to refine friction assumptions and improve the next design iteration.

FAQs
1) What is a handhole in this context?

A handhole is an access box used to pull and route cable in conduit. It creates intermediate access so long runs can be divided into safer pull segments.

2) Which inputs most affect the recommended spacing?

Friction coefficient, cable weight per length, and total bend angle typically drive spacing. Higher friction, heavier cable, or more bends reduce the allowable segment length and increase handhole count.

3) How should I choose the friction coefficient?

Use values based on duct condition, lubrication, and cable jacket type. If uncertain, start with a conservative value, then refine after trial pulls or measured tensions from similar installations.

4) What if my planned handholes exceed limits?

Reduce segment length by adding handholes, increase bend radius, reduce bends per segment, or improve duct preparation and lubrication. Recalculate until both tension and sidewall checks are within limits.

5) Does this replace manufacturer pull charts?

No. It is a planning estimator for spacing decisions. For critical or high-value pulls, confirm assumptions using manufacturer guidance, detailed pull calculations, and site-specific installation constraints.

6) Why include a rule-of-thumb maximum segment?

It provides a practical cap when inputs are incomplete or variability is high. The cap helps prevent overly long segments that can be difficult to lubricate, stage, and control during construction.

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