Infiltration Heat Gain Calculator

Quantify leakage airflow and predict cooling impact. Check sensible and latent loads against indoor targets. Support HVAC sizing, budgeting, and commissioning decisions on site.

Construction HVAC Planning Sensible + Latent Loads
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Project Inputs

Large screens: 3 columns • Tablet: 2 • Mobile: 1
Outputs include both W and Btu/hr.
ACH is typical during early estimating.
Applied to sensible and latent loads.
Used when method is Direct Airflow.
Pressure improves humidity ratio accuracy.
Hours/day Days/mo
$ /kWh
Use the basis you know.
Used when basis is EER.
Used when basis is COP.
If outdoor temperature is lower than indoor, sensible may be negative. That indicates cooling relief. Latent is reported only when outside moisture is higher.

Example Data

Scenario Method Volume ACH / Flow Outdoor Indoor RH Out/In Safety
Office shell ACH 45,000 ft³ 0.50 ACH 95 °F 75 °F 55% / 50% 10%
Mechanical room Flow 800 CFM 90 °F 74 °F 60% / 45% 15%
Lobby (metric) ACH 1,200 m³ 0.70 ACH 35 °C 24 °C 55% / 50% 10%
Adjust inputs to reflect door traffic, wind exposure, and commissioning data.

Formula Used

Airflow from ACH

  • Imperial: CFM = (ACH × Volumeft³) ÷ 60
  • Metric: L/s = (ACH × Volume ÷ 3600) × 1000

Physics-based loads

  • Mass flow: ṁ = ρ × V̇
  • Sensible: Qs = ṁ × cp × ΔT
  • Latent: Ql = ṁ × hfg × max(0, Δw)
  • Total: Qt = Qs + Ql

Humidity ratio w is calculated from dry-bulb, RH, and pressure using saturation vapor pressure and standard psychrometric relationships.

How to Use This Calculator

  1. Select your unit system and choose ACH-based or airflow-based inputs.
  2. Enter outdoor and indoor dry-bulb temperatures and relative humidity.
  3. Use standard pressure for sea-level estimates, or enter a custom value.
  4. Apply a safety factor for uncertainty during early construction phases.
  5. Set operating hours, days, and electricity rate for monthly impact.
  6. Click Calculate to view loads above the form and export results.

Worked Example Output

Inputs: 45,000 ft³, 0.50 ACH, Outdoor 95 °F at 55% RH, Indoor 75 °F at 50% RH, 10% safety, Standard pressure, EER 10.5, 10 hours/day, 22 days/month, $0.18/kWh.
Metric Value
Infiltration airflow375.00 CFM
Sensible load (with safety)2,611 W | 8,910 Btu/hr
Latent load (with safety)6,046 W | 20,630 Btu/hr
Total load (with safety)8,657 W | 29,540 Btu/hr
Estimated electrical demand2.81 kW
Estimated monthly energy619 kWh
Estimated monthly cost$111.41

Why infiltration loads matter during construction

Uncontrolled outdoor air entering through gaps, temporary openings, and door traffic adds cooling load that is often missed in early estimates. Even moderate leakage can raise peak sensible load and drive moisture-related latent load, increasing run time and discomfort. Tracking infiltration helps align temporary conditioning plans with realistic site conditions and reduces change orders.

Choosing ACH versus measured airflow

Use ACH when a building is still in progress, especially before envelope commissioning. Typical estimating ranges may be 0.2 to 1.0 ACH depending on construction quality, wind exposure, and how often doors cycle. Once testing or trend data is available, switch to measured airflow so the result reflects actual leakage paths, vestibules, and pressure control.

Sensible heat gain calculation and interpretation

Sensible gain is driven by dry-bulb temperature difference and airflow rate. A larger ΔT or higher flow increases the sensible component directly. If outdoor temperature is lower than indoor, sensible can become negative, indicating cooling relief. That does not eliminate latent gain when outside air is humid. Apply a safety factor to cover wind spikes and operational variability.

Latent moisture gain and humidity control risk

Latent gain depends on the difference in humidity ratio between outdoor and indoor air. High outdoor RH and warm conditions can add substantial moisture. Moisture removal loads dehumidification equipment, increases condensate, and can threaten finishes, adhesives, and sensitive materials. The calculator uses psychrometric relationships with barometric pressure to improve accuracy at different elevations.

Turning loads into equipment and cost decisions

Convert total load to electrical demand using EER or COP to estimate operating impact. This supports budgeting for temporary cooling, generator sizing, and utility planning. Compare results under multiple scenarios: door-propped periods, weekend shutdowns, and partial occupancy. Use the exported CSV/PDF in submittals to document assumptions, margins, and the basis of design for stakeholders.

FAQs

1) What does this calculator estimate?

It estimates sensible, latent, and total heat gain caused by unintentional outdoor air entering a space, using airflow, temperatures, humidity, and an optional safety factor.

2) Should I use ACH or direct airflow?

Use ACH when you only know volume and a leakage assumption. Use direct airflow when you have testing, commissioning data, or measured fan/door usage estimates.

3) Why can sensible load be negative?

If outdoor air is cooler than indoor air, infiltration can reduce sensible cooling demand. The tool still reports latent gain only when outdoor moisture content is higher.

4) How accurate are humidity calculations?

Humidity ratio is calculated from dry-bulb temperature, relative humidity, and barometric pressure using standard psychrometric relationships, suitable for HVAC estimating and comparison scenarios.

5) What safety factor should I apply?

For early planning, 5–15% is common. Use higher values for windy sites, frequent door cycling, poor envelope control, or when occupancy and schedules are uncertain.

6) How do EER and COP affect cost results?

EER and COP convert thermal load to estimated electrical demand. Lower efficiency increases kW and monthly cost. Use equipment submittal values or conservative assumptions.

7) Can I use this for heating season infiltration?

Yes. A negative sensible result indicates heating demand may increase instead of cooling. Review sign and magnitude, and adjust operating assumptions to match the season.

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