Calculator inputs
Large screens show three columns, smaller screens two, mobile one.
Formula used
This model estimates annual savings, escalates costs, then discounts to today.
Cost escalation
Costt = Cost1 × (1 + e)t−1
Applied separately for maintenance and downtime using their escalation rates.
Net savings (per year)
Savingst = (Beforet − Aftert) + Othert − Addedt
“Before” and “After” include maintenance + downtime costs.
Discounting and NPV
PVt = Savingst ÷ (1 + r)t
NPV = ΣPVt + PV(Residual) − Capex
r is the discount rate; residual is discounted in the last year.
Payback and IRR
Payback: first year cumulative savings ≥ capex
IRR: rate where NPV(cashflows) = 0
IRR is solved numerically using a bisection method.
How to use this calculator
- Enter current annual maintenance and downtime costs.
- Enter expected post-retrofit costs and the upfront retrofit cost.
- Set escalation rates for maintenance and downtime assumptions.
- Pick an analysis period and discount rate for present values.
- Click Calculate savings to view results above the form.
- Use the CSV or PDF buttons to export the latest results.
Example data table
This example helps validate your inputs and expected ranges.
Sample inputs
| Project | HVAC Controls Retrofit |
| Upfront retrofit cost | $50,000.00 |
| Analysis period | 10 years |
| Discount rate | 8.00% |
| Maintenance before | $18,000.00/yr |
| Maintenance after | $11,000.00/yr |
| Downtime before | $6,000.00/yr |
| Downtime after | $2,500.00/yr |
Sample outputs
| NPV | $30,563.47 |
| IRR | 19.26% |
| Simple payback | 4.54 yrs |
| Discounted payback | 5.79 yrs |
| PV of savings | $78,247.50 |
| Residual PV | $2,315.97 |
| Benefit-cost ratio | 1.611 |
| Undiscounted net benefit | $73,571.18 |