Calculator inputs
Formula used
This calculator estimates reliable outdoor range using a simplified path-loss model. It combines frequency-dependent free-space loss, obstacle effects, and extra attenuation from foliage.
- FSPL(d0) at 1 meter depends on frequency.
- Loss(d) increases with 10·n·log10(d/d0), where n matches the environment.
- Foliage adds an extra linear term: foliage_dB_per_m × d.
- Range is the distance where received power meets your selected sensitivity.
How to use this calculator
- Measure the garden length and width you want covered.
- Select a band and enter your router power and antenna gain.
- Choose your environment and foliage density for realistic loss.
- Set overlap to improve roaming between outdoor nodes.
- Press calculate to see a placement grid and coordinates.
Example data table
Use this sample to understand typical inputs and outputs.
| Scenario | Area (m) | Band | Environment | Foliage | Overlap | Suggested layout |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patio + lawn | 20 × 12 | 2.4 GHz | Mixed | Medium | 20% | 2 × 2 nodes |
| Shed workspace | 14 × 10 | 5 GHz | Mixed | Low | 25% | 2 × 1 nodes |
| Dense planting beds | 25 × 15 | 2.4 GHz | Cluttered | High | 30% | 3 × 2 nodes |
These are examples. Your results depend on router height, obstacles, and sensitivity.
Coverage goals for gardens
Start by mapping where you actually use connectivity: irrigation controllers, greenhouse sensors, security cameras, and work areas. The calculator converts your garden dimensions into a target radius and highlights dead zones caused by long distances. Aim for strong coverage in high‑priority zones first, then accept weaker signal at the edges for best results.
Height and line of sight
Outdoor WiFi improves when antennas “see” each other. Raising the router or access point reduces ground absorption and plant blockage, especially after rain. A practical starting height is 1.5–2.5 meters, then adjust upward if shrubs, trellises, or raised beds sit between the router and devices. Keep the router away from exterior walls to reduce near‑field shadowing.
Barriers, foliage, and wet surfaces
Leaves and wet soil absorb radio energy, while metal sheds, water tanks, and foil‑backed insulation reflect it. Each barrier adds loss that can cut usable range. The calculator lets you rate obstacle density so it can reduce the effective radius. If a greenhouse has metal framing, place the router outside and point coverage through a window. Avoid mounting behind mesh or fencing.
Band selection and channel planning
2.4 GHz generally travels farther and penetrates foliage better, but it is crowded and slower. 5 GHz is faster and cleaner, yet range drops sooner and walls matter more. Use 2.4 GHz for sensors and long runs, and reserve 5 GHz for high‑bandwidth areas like an outdoor office or patio streaming. Choose a less congested channel and keep distance from noisy gear like pumps, inverters, or LED drivers.
Reliability, weatherproofing, and expansion
For consistent performance, use a weather‑rated outdoor access point or keep the router indoors and feed an exterior unit via Ethernet. Add a second node when the recommended placement still leaves weak zones beyond about 70–80% of the target radius. Recheck placement seasonally, because dense summer growth changes attenuation. If you expand beds or add structures, rerun the calculator and shift nodes to keep overlap between coverage circles.
FAQs
What input size should I use for an irregular garden?
Use the longest length and width that bound the area, then lower the obstacle rating if most of the space is open. If the garden is L‑shaped, consider running the calculator twice for each section and compare placements.
Does router height matter outdoors?
Yes. Raising the unit typically improves line of sight and reduces absorption by wet soil and dense plants. Start around 1.5–2.5 m and move higher if signal drops behind hedges, trellises, or tall beds.
Should I use a range extender or a mesh node?
Mesh nodes are usually better because they coordinate roaming and can use dedicated backhaul. Extenders may repeat a weak signal and add latency. If you can run Ethernet, an outdoor access point is the most reliable option.
How do I handle a greenhouse with metal framing?
Metal can reflect and block signals. Place the access point outside the structure and aim coverage through a window or doorway, or mount a dedicated access point inside with wired backhaul to avoid repeated attenuation.
Why does the calculator ask for obstacle density?
Obstacle density estimates extra signal loss from foliage, walls, sheds, and reflective surfaces. A higher density reduces the effective radius and pushes the recommended placement closer to the usage zone to maintain stable coverage.
How can I verify the suggested placement?
Stand at key spots and check your phone’s WiFi signal or a scanner app. Look for stable connectivity and consistent throughput. If readings vary widely, adjust placement for clearer paths and add a secondary node for overlap.